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<title>Recent Defence Research Reports</title>
<link>http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/pubdocs/engpubrss.xml</link>
<description>Recent Defence Research Reports.</description>
<dc:publisher>Defence Research and Development Canada</dc:publisher>
<dc:creator>DRDKIM 2 (mailto:CANDIDInfo@drdc-rddc.gc.ca)</dc:creator>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2004 Defence Research and Development Canada</dc:rights>
<dc:date>2005-04-05</dc:date>
<language>en</language>
</channel>
<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532877.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Analysis Tool for Force Planning Scenarios]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This contractor report provides information to end users with respect to the process by which scenarios are identified, characterized and evaluated in the Force Planning Scenario analysis tool. In an effort to apply a framework for characterizing the Force Planning Scenarios, a desktop application using existing commercial-off-the-shelf software was developed. This document serves as a user’s guide to this application. It provides a detailed description of the tool’s main functions and instructions on its use. It is anticipated that this document be read in conjunction with the contractor report that more thoroughly describes the framework and methodology, “Development of a Framework for Force Planning Scenarios.”&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532877">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532877.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532884.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Development of the Force Planning Scenario Framework]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This contractor report defines and analyzes the inputs of an effective framework required forcharacterizing the Force Planning Scenarios. The framework is used as a basis for developing ascenario analysis software tool that allows Defence Scientists to overlay the Force PlanningScenarios and ensure a range of dimensions, factors and variables is being addressed. Thiscontractor report identifies the most relevant dimensions of the Force Planning Scenarios tosupport analysis and development. The information in this report is based on analysis performedby contractors in close collaboration with Defence Scientists from Defence Research andDevelopment Canada’s Centre for Operational Research and Analysis. This study should beviewed as an initial starting point for the development of a scenario writing methodology, andwill be updated, modified and refined on an ongoing basis. The report outlines the applicationsfor the scenario analysis tool and makes recommendations for potential areas of future research.The development of a systematic process will enhance the Capability Based Planning process byensuring that the Force Planning Scenarios are selected and developed in a defensible, transparentand objective way that makes best use of analytical methods and techniques.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532884">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532884.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532823.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Summary Record of the GFF Community of Interest on the Practice and Organization of Intelligence Ottawa Roundtable]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This document summarizes two days of discussion between a number of cognitive and behavioural scientists and professional intelligence analysts from 12 countries and a multilateral organization, which was co-hosted in Ottawa by DRDC, Canada’s Privy Council Office, and the US Department of State, February 23-24, 2009. This experimental roundtable explored the question of whether and how behavioural and cognitive sciences can contribute to improved intelligence analysis. It concluded that there are many relevant crossovers between these fields, and the time and cost of further collaboration and “bridging” between the scientist-intelligence practitioner perspectives would be fully justified in terms of strengthened intelligence performance and worthwhile scientific discovery.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532823">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532823.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532556.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Improving Shared Situational Awareness in Complex Terrains]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532556">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532556.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532881.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Airships for military logistics heavy lift]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[An airship is a self-propelled lighter-than-air aircraft with directional control surfaces. Unlike an airplane, the lift for an airship is generated aerostatically by the buoyancy of a lifting gas. Airships are being considered by the Canadian Forces (CF) as potential platforms to address deficiencies in logistics transportation to support Northern operations. Airships could provide a cost-effective point-to-point delivery capability and could mitigate several limitations (e.g., infrastructure requirements) associated with other forms of transport. This paper presents an assessment of the airship capability for logistics heavy lift in support of CF Northern operations. Performance measures were developed to assess the effectiveness and the responsiveness of the airship lift. A Monte Carlo simulation framework was also developed to simulate various logistics lift scenarios. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to address the impact of different operational parameters on the airship lift effectiveness. The study indicates that airships could potentially improve the sustainability of CF Northern operations. Significant potential cost avoidance and response time reduction could be realized on sustainment lift by using airships versus fixed and rotary wing aircraft.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532881">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532881.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532826.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Design and development of a physical layer mobile WiMAX network simulation environment]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This report details and summarizes the work performed in developing a computer simulation environment of the physical layer of a mobile WiMAX network. Since the work of WiMAX modeling was first started in April of 2008, several developmental computer simulation models were created of increasing complexity, the results of which were published in a prior report. The knowledge gained through these earlier simulation efforts were incorporated into the current simulation environment version. The amount of effort required to unravel the complexities of WiMAX was considerable but has produced an advanced simulation environment that is in accordance with the IEEE802.16e-2005 standard. The current version of the simulation environment refines the models previously developed with the addition of new functionalities and a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to facilitate the entry of the simulation parameters. The computer simulation described in this report models both the physical layer and part of the media access layer of a WiMAX network. The report describes the software architecture to provide a better understanding of its components and includes detailed instructions on how to setup and run the simulation.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532826">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532826.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532875.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Cognitive Radio Techniques For Assured Communications]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The objective of the Technology Investment Fund project “Cognitive radio techniques for assured communications” was to investigate the potential of advanced radio devices to provide robust and reliable communications in highly congested spectral conditions. Cognitive radio is commonly associated with accessing spectrum that is allocated but currently unused, i.e., dynamic spectrum access. Commercial and academic interest has focussed on homogeneous spectrum reuse, mainly with static primary and secondary users. For defence applications, the environment is expected to be dynamic and heterogeneous, hence it is more appropriate to apply ‘cognition’ to respond to changes in its operating environment by appropriate adjustments of the radio and network parameters, not limited to operating frequency.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532875">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532875.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532849.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A Parallel Study between the Resource Typing as outlined in the American NIMS document and the Levels of Service required of the Police Forces of Quebec]]> <![CDATA[(Parallèle entre les Ressources Typées du document Américain Nims et les Niveaux de Service Exigés des Corps Policiers au Québec)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) is part of the United States Department of Homeland Security Agency and it created a document called NIMS (National Incident Management System). The NIMS management system includes a proactive and systemic approach to guide government departments and agencies at all levels, nongovernmental organizations (NGO) and the private sector in order to prevent, protect, respond to, restore, mitigate the effects of a variety of incidents no matter the cause, the scope, the location or the complexity of these incidents, and in doing so, preserve life, protect property and the environment. In Canada, studies are being undertaken to see whether it is possible to implement a Canadian NIMS (C-NIMS) which will take into account our National needs. A part of NIMS consists of the classification of resources into types called Resource Typing. The Resource Types are categorized in order to the target response capabilities of law enforcement services during a variety of incidents. Measurable standards, which identify the target capabilities of the resources and the performance levels, serve as the basis for creating the categories. Resource users at all levels use these standards to identify and take stock of the resources. At present, we will look into the Resource Typing identified for law enforcement and security. Within the framework of Resource Typing, the authors of this document have determined the possibility of four different types, that is, Typ&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532849">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532849.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532851.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Parallèle entre les Ressources Typées du document Américain Nims et les Niveaux de Service Exigés des Corps Policiers au Québec]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) is part of the United States Department of Homeland Security Agency and it created a document called NIMS (National Incident Management System). The NIMS management system includes a proactive and systemic approach to guide government departments and agencies at all levels, nongovernmental organizations (NGO) and the private sector in order to prevent, protect, respond to, restore, mitigate the effects of a variety of incidents no matter the cause, the scope, the location or the complexity of these incidents, and in doing so, preserve life, protect property and the environment. In Canada, studies are being undertaken to see whether it is possible to implement a Canadian NIMS (C-NIMS) which will take into account our National needs. A part of NIMS consists of the classification of resources into types called Resource Typing. The Resource Types are categorized in order to the target response capabilities of law enforcement services during a variety of incidents. Measurable standards, which identify the target capabilities of the resources and the performance levels, serve as the basis for creating the categories. Resource users at all levels use these standards to identify and take stock of the resources. At present, we will look into the Resource Typing identified for law enforcement and security. Within the framework of Resource Typing, the authors of this document have determined the possibility of four different types, that is, Typ&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532851">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532851.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532793.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[High-speed parallel I/O FIR filters for FPGAs]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) currently available on the market operate at speeds many times faster than those which are possible in the most advanced field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). One method of performing real-time filtering is to first demultiplex the serial data stream into m parallel streams, each clocked at a speed m times slower than that of the original serial stream, and then use the FPGA to process the slower parallel streams. A finite-impulse response (FIR) filter which operates on such parallel I/O data can then be architected using a polyphase decomposition technique. This technique has been described in existing literature, but for the cases of m = 8 and m = 16, which are of current practical interest, the governing equations and signal flow diagrams have not been expanded in sufficient detail to allow a hardware designer to rapidly implement the filter in an FPGA. These cases are of interest because they allow filters to be implemented on the most advanced high-speed digitizer boards currently available on the market. Therefore, these non-trivial derivations are explicitly derived in this report, and their architectures are explained through signal flow diagrams. In addition, a number of different FIR filters of various lengths and bus widths were synthesized and placed and routed for the Xilinx Virtex-II Pro XC2VP70 FPGA in order to illustrate the increase in resource consumption between the serial I/O (m = 1) and the m = 8 and m = 16 architectu&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532793">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532793.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532611.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Guide to Modelling and Simulation for NATO Network-Enabled Capability]]> <![CDATA[(Guide de la modélisation et de la simulation pour l’OTAN Opérations facilitées par réseaux)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A fundamental objective of NATO and one of the highest priorities of the NATO Allied Command Transformation (ACT) is to take full advantage of Network-Enabled Capabilities (NEC) to build a robust, globally interconnected network environment for data sharing. Achieving this objective for NATO and its member nations will involve three assumptions: 1) Armed Forces will work in new ways; 2) Governments need to adopt new approaches; 3) Industry and Academia, along with Governments, need to think innovatively about concept, design, acquisition, use, and management of systems that support Military capabilities and Defence Against Terrorism (DAT) capabilities. This Guide discusses how modelling and simulation (M&S) can be applied to NEC, including Concept Development and Experimentation (CD&E), Acquisition, Training, Exercises, and Operations, to enhance military effectiveness and transformation, and prepare for the security challenges of the future. A model is typically understood as a physical, mathematical, or otherwise logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process that has been designed for a specific purpose. Simulation manipulates this model to represent the expected behaviour of an individual agent or an entire system over time. The Guide structures “Best Practices” of M&S around “Key Principles” in each chapter, provides real world Case Studies, and offers evidence-based advice to achieve the following objectives: 1)Ensure that allied defence &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532611">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532611.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532769.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Requirements of a Strategic Readiness System]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[As part of the post-transformation effort to re-vitalize doctrine and direction at the Canadian Forces (CF) strategic level, the Strategic Joint Staff developed a CF Readiness Framework which will provide the Chief of Defence Staff and senior management in the Department of National Defence with the tools to understand and to manage CF operational readiness. This leads initially to a two-step process in determining the requirements for a strategic level system. The first is to gather an appreciation of the existing reporting systems – Land, Maritime, Aerospace, Operational Support and Military Personnel. The second is to explore the strengths and weaknesses of those systems and thereby develop broad requirements for a strategic readiness management system. The existing Force Generator reporting systems do what they are meant to do, that is, simply report a Commander’s assessment of whether or not his units are ready to do their assigned Defence Tasks. Unfortunately, the approaches used differ to the point that detailed comparison of the existing systems is not practicable. The second step in the process provided a number of key assessments that would drive development of a system to support three objectives: Making decisions for current operations; Reviewing standing readiness levels of current forces against the demands of today’s world, that is, that the Capability Statements are still current and correctly structured; and Using predictive data to look ahead for the major r&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532769">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532769.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532766.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Strategic Capability Roadmap Version 1.0]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In 2005, the Chief of Defence Staff of the Canadian Forces (CF) mandated that Capability-Based Planning be institutionalized as a part of a centrally driven, top-down approach to Force Development (FD) within the Department of National Defence. Consequently, over the last three years military and defence analyst staff have developed and implemented the first version of a Canadian, end-to-end, capability-based FD process. Scenarios, derived from policy and strategic guidance, capture the scope and scale of potential operations in which the CF could participate. During the Capability Planning Process, scenarios are analyzed to define capability requirements. The Capability Management Process evaluates current and projected force structures of the CF against those capability requirements to identify adequacies, deficiencies and surpluses. Through the Capability Integration Process, potential solutions (alternatives) for the deficiencies are identified. Finally, optimization methods are employed to determine the best set of alternatives, affordable within the available budget, to maximize CF capability. The results form the Strategic Capability Roadmap, a 20-year plan for CF capability development. The Capability Planning, Capability Management and Capability Integration processes are supported by a set of dedicated analysis tools, which collectively have come to be referred to as the analytic framework. This report documents these analysis tools and processes of the analytic fra&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532766">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532766.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532636.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Étude de la décomposition thermique d'un carburant solide à base d'un polymère énergétique]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ramjet propulsion is achieved by the mixing and reaction of fuel and high-speed compressed air in the combustion chamber. The total efficiency of a ramjet depends heavily on the nature of the involved reactants, their residence time in the combustion chamber, and how well they are mixed. A special type of ramjet, called a ducted rocket, uses the exhaust products from a fuel-rich solid propellant gas generator as the fuel. Since the propellant is fuel-rich, the kinetics of are particularly complex. This propellant is made of complex polymers. To ensure thorough efficient mixing and combustion in the reactor, the fuel must initially be transformed into mainly gases, by auto-pyrolysis, before being injected into the combustion chamber. The main objective of the project was therefore to improve the understanding of the chemical reactions leading to the production of gaseous effluent from the thermal self-decomposition of the fuel-rich solid propellant. The early stages of the decomposition reactions were studied so as to identity the factors determining its initiation. The first part of this project consisted in developing a sampling procedure to make it possible to collect the products of decomposition of the gas generator in quasi-real-time. Two combustion methods were used, one for the burning tests in pressurized bombs, and the other the static firings of small gas generators. The first configuration was used to establish chemical composition of the gaseous and condensed phas&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532636">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532636.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532453.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Testing the capacity of the NBDRP EX30701]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In the case of a large-scale radiological-nuclear (RN) event, it is imperative to quickly identify exposed individuals for the purpose of medical intervention and to identify first responders who must be restricted from further exposure. Even for a lesser scale event, many concerned members of the public will demand an assessment of their radiation exposure. The purpose of this project is to expand the National Biological Dosimetry Response Plan (NBDRP), created under CRTI 0027RD, from a proof-of-concept initiative into a formalized medical and casualty management tool. Unexploited Canadian biodosimetry capacity will be integrated into the NBDRP, which will help enhance existing biological dosimetry expertise. In addition, the NBDRP will be strengthening links to American and international partners, working towards an international biodosimetry network.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532453">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532453.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532794.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[AI in CGFs comparative analysis]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Simulation provides a training and experimentation capability that cannot be duplicated in the real world. As the shift to simulation-based training and experimentation continues, the complexity of the simulation scenarios grows and the realism of synthetic entities becomes a limiting factor for effective experimentation and training. Through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with the computer generated forces (CGF) software, this can be overcome. Intelligent entities can operate more autonomously, learn from experience, self-organize, and display more realistic behaviour. This report proposes a set of requirements for such an AI module and through an evaluation of candidate development tools identifies the feasibility and sets the strategic direction for the development of an AI module.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532794">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532794.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532838.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Internet Based Robot Control Using CORBA Based Communications]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Researchers in the field of robotics have been seeking methods to both control and monitor their vehicles. Unfortunately the programs they have developed to perform these tasks are normally dependent on the robotic software infrastructure or are very difficult to understand for an outside user. This paper looks to tackle the problem of monitoring and controlling a robotics system using a web browser. The goal of this paper is to describe the potential for a system that will control and monitor a CORBA based robotics framework from a simple HTTP based browser.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532838">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532838.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532444.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Forecasting Attrition Volume]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Accurate attrition forecasting is crucial for properly planning the recruitment and training of Canadian Forces (CF) members and maintaining the CF strength as well as for managing the CF budget. This report documents a methodological development in forecasting attrition volume; new procedures for forecasting attrition based on years of service (YOS) have been proposed. The report provides a discussion regarding the rational for the new procedures and explanations why the predictions based on new procedures better reflect CF attrition behaviour. In the end, the new procedures were validated and compared with previous procedures using the real CF personnel data. The results from the new procedures showed a strong agreement between forecast and actual attrition. Compared with the previous forecasting method, the new procedures deliver predictions that better reflect CF attrition behaviour at many levels. The report recommends using the proposed procedures for forecasting CF attrition. These procedures can be applied to attrition analyses at many levels within the CF, for example, non-commissioned members (NCMs) and officers (OFFs), Army, Navy and Air Force, different military branches and different military occupations, etc. This report is targeted at the analysts within Defence Research and Development Canada. This work will equip them with a better approach for forecasting CF attrition, and improve the consistency and transparency of attrition analyses across different resear&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532444">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532444.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532785.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Environmental Assessment of 100 Years of Military Training at Canadian Forces Base Petawawa]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The first phase of the site characterization of Canadian Forces Base Petawawa range and training areas (RTAs) was conducted in fall 2004 as part of the Canadian Sustainable Training Program led by Defence R&D Canada – Valcartier and sponsored by Director Land Environment. The characterization was focussed on RTAs that had the highest potential for contamination according to their use. Samples of soil (200), vegetation (35), groundwater (40) and surface water (40) were collected and analyzed for the presence of energetics, heavy metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. This report covers only the soil and vegetation results; water results are reported elsewhere. Results showed that most of the soil samples were contaminated with either explosive (TNT, RDX, HMX) or propellant (NG, 2,4-DNT) residues. Unusually high NG and HMX concentrations were detected in an impact area and at a firing point, and results suggest a high persistence of NG in the environment. Although contamination levels at most of the RTAs evaluated are not critical, trace amounts of explosive residues were detected in groundwater. Further characterization of certain areas (demolition, anti-tank and small arms ranges, the old grenade range, Impact Area 2 and firing points) is therefore required either to verify the findings or to better define the source of the contamination.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532785">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532785.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532807.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Combat Resource Management (11bm) Applied Research Project (ARP)]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Defence Research & Development Canada (DRDC) has, for several years now, been investigating methods to augment or enhance existing shipboard Command and Control System (CCS) capabilities. As part of this investigation, 11bm Applied Research Project (ARP) focuses on the naval combat resource management in the context of Above Water Warfare (AWW). The project, a summary of which is presented in this report, has explored concepts concerned with the design, development, implementation, and evaluation of a computer-based, real-time decision support system that could be integrated into the future Canadian platforms to assist operators in conducting tactical Command and Control (C2), particularly for combat resource management. The project resulted in a list of achievements, which includes scientific publications, algorithms, software tools, and recommendations for follow-on work. It has also provided inputs to several projects, including INCOMMANDS and SISWS Technology Demonstration Projects (TDPs).&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532807">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532807.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532791.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Validation of the electromagnetic code FACETS for numerical simulation of radar target images]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Validation of the computational electromagnetic code FACETS (Frequency Asymptotic Code for Electromagnetic Target Scattering) for simulating radar images of a target is obtained, through direct simulation-to-measurement comparisons. A 3-dimensional computer-aided design model of a canonical target known as SLICY (Sandia laboratory Implementation of Cylinders) and the corresponding measured SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) image data of SLICY from the MSTAR (Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition) datasets are used in the validation process. Computed SAR images of the SLICY target sampled over 360 degrees in azimuth and at two elevation angles are evaluated by comparing against measured images. The results indicate that computed images of high fidelity can be generated if the scattering primitives on the target are correctly included in the computer-aided design model and this information is correctly translated for computation in the electromagnetic code.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532791">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532791.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532781.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A Bayesian Approach to Hypothesis Testing of the Kandahar Province Opinion Polls]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This technical memorandum reports on a Bayesian statistical hypothesis test that was developed to aid in the analysis of the Kandahar Province Opinion Polls conducted in support of Canada’s mission in Afghanistan. The test described herein was used by analysts to determine whether changes in public opinion between successive waves of polling or differences between geographic regions were statistically significant. For a number of practical reasons, multi-stage stratified clustered sampling was employed in the Kandahar polls rather than simple random sampling. The test was developed to incorporate corrections for the effects of non-simple random sampling as well as to handle small sample sizes. This paper demonstrates the validity of the test through simulation and by comparison with a conventional test in the regime where the two are expected to converge.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532781">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532781.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532783.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A Comparison Between Remote Weapon Stations, Remote Turrets, and Conventional Turrets as Applied to the LAV III Upgrade Project]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Light Armoured Vehicle (LAV) III has been in the Army inventory for ten years.Its mid-life upgrade is currently being planned. As part of the mid-life upgrade, con-sideration is being given to replacing the Delco turret with either a Remote WeaponStation (RWS), a remote turret, or a new 2-man turret. As instructed by COS LandStrat, this work reviews these options. In collaboration with peers in the scientific community and the user community, a list of performance characteristics was de-veloped related to platform employment. Each of the weapon system options wasthen evaluated against each of the characteristics. The baseline two-man turret wasfound to dominate over all other options (although acquisition and life-cycle costswere neglected). The disadvantages of alternative systems were also identified. Ifan alternative system is chosen to replace the Delco turret, risk mitigation strategiesshould be employed to limit the system's disadvantages as identified in this work.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532783">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532783.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532522.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[The use of archaeological and anthropological methods in fatal fire scene investigation]]> <![CDATA[(L’utilisation de méthodes archéologiques et anthropologiques dans une enquête sur les lieux d’un incendie mortel)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This report will highlight some of the techniques and technologies of archaeologists and anthropologists that may be of assistance in fatal fire scene investigation. The value of archaeological techniques has been previously acknowledged in fire scene recovery and the primary principals of excavation are often applied; however the full range of methods and techniques available has not yet been fully exploited. Many additional aspects of archaeological and anthropological work can be adapted and applied to fatal fire scene investigation to provide further opportunities to maximize evidence recovery and interpretation. The application of some of these techniques does require evidential proof of value, as well as research into how best to use these systems. These research avenues and identified areas of need will be discussed to consider where future research may be beneficial.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532522">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532522.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532776.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[CF Cyper Operational in the Future Cyber Environment Concept]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[As the world becomes increasingly network-enabled, the Canadian Forces must adapt to meet the challenges that come with this technology. These include a new set of threats, and a new set of capabilities that have yet to be formally defined and explored. It is possible that the founding of an entirely new environment, the cyber environment, may be the most suitable way ahead in developing these new capabilities. This paper describes cyber operations and how they fit into the DND/CF concept construct. The capabilities provided by operations in the cyber environment and the supporting functions of cyber operations are discussed for each functional domain. Risks related to the cyber environment are listed, along with potential mitigations. The implications in terms of the PRICIE construct are discussed, and relevant activities within DND and the Government of Canada are listed. This paper may be used to advise on the future development of the cyber environment concept, and to muster appreciation of the contributions of the cyber environment to operations across all environments.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532776">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532776.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532523.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Recovery of Human Remains in a Fatal Fire Setting using Archaeological Methods]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The aim of this study is to assist fire investigators in understanding the value of the application of archaeological recovery methods at fatal fire scenes. It also is intended to provide insight into the essential skills utilized in these methods. The anticipated outcome can be to increase the amount of human remains recovered along with more associated artifacts surrounding the death and, thereby, improve the quantity and quality of critical evidence. It is anticipated that this study will have a positive impact within the forensic community in the investigation of fire fatalities. There is an understandable tendency for those involved in fire settings to become overwhelmed at the magnitude and destruction of the scene itself. Fire investigations are often complex and difficult to interpret, and, at fires where the loss is large, there is a potential problem that the investigator may become overpowered, fixated or pre-occupied, and, therefore, fail to take the necessary judicious steps. To avoid these serious situations, it is imperative to develop an analytical and systematic approach to scene investigation.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532523">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532523.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532771.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Draft Concept of Operations]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This document has been written to capture the concept of how an Integrated Managed Readiness System might work. It is considered to be a preliminary concept paper and it is expected that Defence Research and Development Canada and Strategic Joint Staff (SJS) will utilize this document to develop a way forward and as a baseline for preparing the final concept. It leverages the requirements that were voiced by senior Canadian Forces (CF) executives regarding such a system and presents a vision of what could be developed and how it might be used. It is intended to bridge the gap between the operational user and the technology communities, and drive requirements for the system specification which will describe in technical terms what needs to be built and defines the detailed design. In order to situate the concept of operations this document has provided details on the existing systems and the desired CF Readiness Framework. It has borrowed liberally from work performed by Calian Technology and from guidance provided by the SJS Director of Strategic Readiness.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532771">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532771.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532455.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Validation of the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay for use as a triage biological dosimetry tool]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In the case of a large-scale radiological-nuclear (RN) event, it is imperative to quickly identify exposed individuals for the purpose of medical intervention and to identify first responders who must be restricted from further exposure. Even for a lesser scale event, many concerned members of the public will demand an assessment of their radiation exposure. The purpose of this project is to expand the National Biological Dosimetry Response Plan (NBDRP), created under CRTI 0027RD,from a proof-of-concept initiative into a formalized medical and casualty management tool. Unexploited Canadian biodosimetry capacity will be integrated into the NBDRP, which will help enhance existing biological dosimetry expertise. In addition, the NBDRP will be strengthening links to American and international partners, working towards an international biodosimetry network.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532455">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532455.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532336.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A Psychometric Examination of the Canadian Automated Pilot Selection System (CAPSS)]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The purpose of this paper was to undertake a psychometric examination of the Canadian Automated Pilot Selection System (CAPSS) using data gathered since its operational implementation in 1997. While the predictive validity of CAPSS remains within the range of coefficients obtained for other predictors of flying training performance, issues of adverse impact against women and differences with respect to previous flying experience deserve further research and practice considerations.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532336">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532336.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532693.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[SARP 2 Small Arms Replacement Project 2 and the Role of DRDC]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532693">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532693.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532482.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[CAMX: Civilian Activity Modelling for exercises and experimentation]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[When conducting operations in urban environments, military units often have to deal with ongoing civilian activity, including vehicle and pedestrian traffic, pedestrian congregations and crowds. Despite the important role played by civilian activity in the conduct of military operations, simulations used for military training often fail to represent civilian entities appropriately, both in terms of density and behaviours. This paper discusses the Civilian Activity Modelling for eXercises and experimentation tool. It is a multi-agent simulation that reproduces vehicle traffic and pedestrian behaviour on the scale of a small town, for military training and experimentation purposes. It can be used by itself or in combination with existing simulations on a network. Terrain representation in CAMX is done using a geographical information system (GIS), and is thus especially well-suited for experimentation with georeferenced command and control systems. This paper provides a thorough description of CAMX, its interoperability with the Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS) and Virtual Battle Space 2 (VBS2), and its potential benefits to future applications.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532482">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532482.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532454.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Testing the capacity of the national Biological Dose Response Plan (NBDRP) EX40801]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In the case of a large-scale radiological-nuclear (RN) event, it is imperative to quickly identify exposed individuals for the purpose of medical intervention and to identify first responders who must be restricted from further exposure. Even for a lesser scale event, many concerned members of the public will demand an assessment of their radiation exposure. The purpose of this project is to expand the National Biological Dosimetry Response Plan (NBDRP),created under CRTI 0027RD, from a proof-of-concept initiative into a formalized medical and casualty management tool. Unexploited Canadian biodosimetry capacity will be integrated into the NBDRP, which will help enhance existing biological dosimetry expertise. In addition, the NBDRP will be strengthening links to American and international partners, working towards an international biodosimetry network.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532454">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532454.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532231.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Slurry Detonation]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Commercial explosives and blasting agents are composed of low-density heterogeneous mixtures of fuels, oxidizers, and other components, in contrast to high-density military explosives, which are generally mixtures of molecular explosives and binders. The amount of commercial explosives sold each year, which has been estimated by the US Bureau of Mines to be two million metric tons in the USA alone, represents the vast majority of all explosives used each year [1]. Commercial explosives are used primarily for mining, tunnel construction, and other specialized applications, and their use was revolutionized in the mid-1950s with the widespread use of cost-effective ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) explosives and further in the 1970s with the development of slurry and emulsion explosives [2], which are water-resistant, safe to handle, and in most cases contain no inherently explosive ingredients. Commercial explosives are formulated to be insensitive and are usually oxygen-balanced to minimize the amount of the poisonous gases CO and NO<sub>x</sub> that is produced during the detonation. They can be mixed on-site and usually require the addition of sensitizers to render them detonable. Current formulations are designed to maximize the work done by the expanding detonation products, in contrast to military explosives, which have higher detonation pressures and a superior ability to accelerate metal. The variation in the formulations of slurry and emulsion explosives is almost limi&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532231">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532231.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532229.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Spray Detonation]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Spray or aerosol detonation is a topic of keen interest to the hazard prevention and military R&D communities. Spray detonation is also potentially relevant to the study of pulse detonation engines (PDEs) and other hypersonic propulsion systems exploiting detonative combustion. The early work on spray detonation (i.e., circa 1980 or before) has been well documented in review papers by Dabora and Weinberger [50], Nettleton [108], Borisov and Gelfand [21], Sichel [123], and Dabora [49]. The recent review by Kailasanath [70] puts this early work into perspective and summarizes the key issues for spray detonations in PDE tubes. Almost all of the early work involved spray detonations in confined tubes and chambers. Fuel-oxygen mixtures were typically used, although air was employed as the oxidizer in some studies. A brief summary of highlights is presented in Sect. 1.2. The main focus of spray detonation studies during the 1980s and into the mid-1990s was on the determination of detonability limits for unconfined fuel sprays in air for a variety of industrial chemicals and motor fuels. However, these studies are few in number and very little follow-on work has been reported during the past decade. A review of this work is provided in Sect. 1.3. Another topic of keen interest during the period from the mid-1970s to the late 1980s was so-called chemical or non-explosive initiation of detonation. The goal of this work was to replace the cloud initiator charges in conventional fuel-ai&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532229">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532229.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532232.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A Novel Approach to Development of Monoclonal Antibodies using Native Antigen for Immunization and Recombinant Antigen for Screening]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The production of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific to microbes is rapidly growing. Finding an appropriate antigen to screen hybridoma clones has become increasingly important. However, the conventional method, in which the purified antigen from the microbe is routinely used for screening, cannot avoid selection of false positive hybridoma clones, since even highly purified antigen is found to be contaminated with some other proteins from the microbe. In this study, MAbs against anthrax protective antigen (PA), the central component of the three-part toxin secreted by Bacillus anthracis were developed using a pair of the roughly purified native PA as an immunogen and the recombinant PA as a screening antigen without any possibility of false selection, since the recombinant PA was produced by a gene engineering approach and impossible to be contaminated with any other proteins from B. anthracis. In total, nine stable hybridoma clones secreting anti-PA MAbs were developed. All of them had the same type of heavy and light chains, IgG1/k. The binding profiles for these anti-PA MAbs were investigated by ELISA. This novel approach to the development of MAbs should be applicable to the production of MAbs to other microbes, especially to those from which antigens can hardly be purified to a high degree.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532232">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532232.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532230.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Detonation of Gas-Particle Flow]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Fine organic or metallic particles suspended in an oxidizing or combustible gas form a reactive particle-gas mixture. Explosion pressures in such mixtures are remarkably higher than those of gaseous fuel-air mixtures because of the high energy content of particles and the initial particle mass that transitions to explosion product gases. According to the component reactivity, detonation in particle-gas mixtures may be classified as: 1) "Heterogeneous detonation" in a reactive particle-oxidizing gas mixture 2) "Hybrid detonation" in a reactive particle-reactive gas mixture 3) "Dusty detonation" in an inert particle-reactive gas mixture Reactive particles can be fuel particles or monopropellant particles that contain both fuel and oxidizer. While dust explosions have been recognized from the beginning of coal mine exploitation, fundamental studies of heterogeneous detonation in gas-particle flow may trace their origin to the experimental work of Strauss [1] in 1968 for aluminum particle-oxygen mixtures, Nettleton and Stirling [2] in 1973 for coal dust-oxygen mixtures, Cybulski [3] in 1971 for coal dust-air mixtures, and Bartknecht [4] for other organic dust-air mixtures. Since then the fundamental heterogeneous detonation studies might be divided into two periods: global phenomenon studies between the 1970s and 1980s and transverse wave detonation studies since the late 1980s. Representative works in the first period include Wolanski and his coworkers [5,6] for coal dusts, Kauf&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532230">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532230.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532452.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[The Study of New Religious Movements and the Process of Radicalization in Terrorist Groups]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This paper examines three issues: (1) the obvious reasons for, and curious absence of, a dialogue between scholars studying new religious movements (NRMs), in particular those that have engaged in mass violence, and those studying processes of radicalization in home-grown terrorist groups; (2) the substantial parallels which exist between established understandings of who joins NRMs, how, and why and the more recent findings about who joins terrorist groups in a Western context, how, and why; and (3) the many ways in which the explanations of the causes of violent behaviour in NRMs, developed through detailed and comparative case studies, is pertinent to securing a more systematic and complete grasp of the process of radicalization in terrorist cells. The latter discussion focuses on the instrumental role of apocalyptic belief systems in conjunction with charismatic forms of authority, highlighting the behavioural consequences of this dangerous combination and the possible strategic significance of these consequences. The paper ends with a series of specific recommendations for further research, integrating insights from the two fields of study.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532452">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532452.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532702.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Weighting of contingency information in causal judgment]]> <![CDATA[(Évaluation des données de contingence dans l’analyse de causalité)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Contingency is an important cue to causation. Research shows that people unequally weight the cells of a 2 × 2 contingency table as follows: cause-present/effect-present (A) > cause-present/effect-absent (B) > cause-absent/effect-present (C) > cause-absent/effect-absent (D). Although some models of causal judgment can accommodate that fact, most of them assume that the weighting of information is invariant as a function of whether one is assessing a hypothesized generative versus preventive relationship. An experiment was conducted that tested the hypothesis-independence assumption against the predictions of a novel weighted-positive-test-strategy account, which predicts hypothesis dependence in cell weighting. Supporting that account, judgments of hypothesized generative causes showed the standard A > B > C > D inequality, but judgments of hypothesized preventive causes showed the predicted B > A > D > C inequality. The findings reveal that cell weighting in causal judgment is both unequal and hypothesis dependent.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532702">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532702.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532655.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Towards Case-Based Reasoning for Maritime Anomaly Detection]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Maritime domain operators/analysts around the world have a mandate to keep watch on what is happening on seas, oceans and other navigable waterways. Part of this mandate involves detecting situations which are anomalous and represent a potential risk or threat. Anomaly detection requires the analysis of a large amount of data, that surpasses the treatment capacity of human beings. Automated reasoning can help the analysts identify anomalies hidden in the recognized maritime picture. This paper presents case-based reasoning (CBR) and discusses how it can be applied to maritime anomaly detection. Advantages of CBR over other reasoning approaches are discussed as well as challenges relative to tailoring a CBR system for anomaly detection. Potential solutions for every challenge are discussed. Details of a way ahead for a CBR prototype development are given.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532655">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532655.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532285.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Digital Cockpit]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Under their new Concept of Operations, the Canadian Forces (CF) are now evolving from a platform-centric paradigm to a network-centric paradigm in order to effectively conduct military operations. Based on the requirements of the Air Force Command and Control Information System (AFCCIS) in terms of information integration and analysis capabilities, we present the characteristics of net-centric enterprise systems and the integration approaches that could be considered to meet these needs. We propose a service-oriented architecture to facilitate data and service integration in a net-centric environment. We then present the Digital Cockpit prototype that we implemented on top of this architecture to support decision makersat all levels (commanders, operators) in support of distributed continuous planning. This prototype integrates air force data and applications components wrapped as Webservices. We conclude with the work accomplished and potential avenues for further research.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532285">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532285.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532398.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Capability Engineering Process Version 2008 (CEP 2008)]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The current report describes in details the fourth version of the Capability Engineering Process (CEP) elaborated as part of the project Collaborative, Capability, Definition, Engineering and Management (CapDEM). This process enables executives of the Department of National Defence and Canadian Forces (DND/CF) to make better-informed strategic decisions regarding capabilities. The CEP (http://www.capdem.forces.gc.ca/documents/ index.htm) introduces rigorous ways to increase strategic agility of capability management in a world in constant evolution through an accelerated production of relevant information. A CEP application provides a set of options addressing a given capability gap or high-level need. Among benefits, this process: (1) provides decision makers with timely strategic information through an iterative and incremental approach; (2) reduces time spent on unrealistic options by pruning the solution space as early as possible; (3) provides operationally acceptable strategic options with direct involvement of the operational community into the solution development; and (4) provides feasible options by ensuring commitment and participation of all organisation’s functional components: Personnel, R&D, Infrastructure, Concept development, Information management, and Equipment (known as PRICIE).&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532398">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532398.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532387.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[DND Your-Say Survey]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Today, employee surveys are a common management tool in successful organizations. As such, implementation of the DND Your-Say Survey is proposed with the intention of providing Assistant Deputy Minister (Human Resources – Civilian) (ADM (HR-Civ)) with empirical information on key personnel issues in an effort to help inform human resource planning and policy development. This paper outlines the purposes of the DND Your-Say Survey, summarizes the research on the increased use of employee surveys in recent years, describes the regularly administered employee surveys used in Chief Military Personnel(CMP)and in the U.S., U.K., and Australia, and explains the benefits of the DND Your-Say Survey over and above the Public Service Employee Survey. Methodology, including survey and model development, sampling, and procedure are outlined.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532387">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532387.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532778.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Operational Research Techniques for Options Analysis in Defence Organizations]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This paper examines approaches to options analysis in a defence setting. These include optimization techniques for problems with many options, a modi¯cation of Pugh's Method for multi-criteria decision analysis, and median rank voting. The idea is to present techniques that are not well known to the military operational research community. In addition, I discuss the special organizational characteristics of defence decisions.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532778">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532778.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532505.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Multi-team and multi-organization systems]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Increasingly common in political, military, and business worlds, inter-organizational partnerships lead to the creation of hybrid structures which are controlled by several organizations. This document presents a typology of such multi-organization systems that emerge from the interaction of several organizations or are deliberately created by them. Multi-organization systems (and multi-team) systems offer a very interesting framework for the analysis of novel forms of cooperation implemented in response to new constraints or new opportunities. It is shown that these systems can be modelled using three features, which are purpose of partnership, control and cooperation structure, and dynamics of membership. The costs and advantages of different multi-organization systems are discussed individually, but also through their representation as a spectrum where movement in either direction implies a trade-off between autonomy and effrectiveness. A middle zone is identified where lie the most efficient multi-organization systems.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532505">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532505.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532337.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Big Five Personality Research in the Military]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Despite established validity of the Big Five factors of personality, validity generalization is limited by evidence for situational specificity. Unique requirements and expectations demanded of military personnel warrant the examination of personality-outcomes associations gathered in such samples. Using accumulated research into the validity of the Air Force Self-descriptive Inventory (AFSDI) across several military organizations, this examination involved a metaanalysis to determine the validity of the Big Five personality factors as measured by the AFSDI or variants of it. Effects are comparable with mainstream meta-analytic estimates, being slightly higher for some effects. Conscientiousness was confirmed to be a strong predictor of military performance, and generalized across samples. Although moderated by the type of measure (i.e., original/adapted length) and/or the type of military stream (non-commissioned members/officers), Neuroticism and Extraversion were the next best predictors of performance and officer training, respectively.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532337">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532337.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532339.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[The Last Mile of the Market]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The paradigm of the last mile is intended to convey how the concept and narrative of responsible autonomy allows societies founded on market-system economics to harness emergent complexity, self-organization and achieve many ends most efficiently without direct central control of resources or processes. Network technologies, architectures of participation and peer-production enable the extension of responsible autonomy in a way that both challenges and can augment traditional hierarchical approaches to control. The paper is one of a series of papers that explore the human and HR implications of an organization that embraces network enabled capability. The ultimate goal of this series of papers is to lay the groundwork for a larger project – of developing a comprehensive theory and philosophy for personnel management in the 21st century – a comprehensive HR Concept that integrates personnel management with the Capability Domain Concepts. It is for this reason, that we cover so much conceptual territory. Such a concept is necessary to the CF to fully and effectively enable mission command. We argue that the future is already here, a future that is built on the past (including an ongoing fundamental paradigm shift) and yet remains open to be determined and created by all of us. To tell this story we cover a large conceptual territory. We start with the birth of the market, move to concepts of organizational architecture, complexity, mission command, and human capital. Finally we&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532339">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532339.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532786.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Influence of solid target reflectivity and incident angle on depolarization ratio and reflected energy from polarized lights]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Spectral sensors are commonly used to measure the intensity of optical radiation and to provide spectral information about the distribution of material components in a given scene, over a limited number of wave bands. By exploiting the polarization of light to measure information about the vector nature of the optical field across a scene, collected polarimetric images have the potential to provide additional information about the shape, shading, roughness, and surface features of targets of interest. The overall performance of target detection algorithms could thus be increased by exploiting these polarimetric signatures to discriminate man-made objects against different backgrounds. In order to understand how the polarisation of light might help in the discrimination of solid targets from their background, a field trial was conducted at DRDC Valcartier between 14-16 May 2008. The approach consisted in evaluating the depolarization ratio of different solid targets using active polarization signatures at 532 nm. This technical report presents the set-up, the methodology and the type of targets measured during the trial. The targets used were segmented into eight groups: insulation, wood, metallic, environment, sand paper-type, industrial plastic-type, bottles and sand targets. Experimental results on the influence of solid target reflectivity and incident angle on depolarization ratio and reflected energy from polarized lights is also provided.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532786">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532786.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532436.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Northern Watch]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Northern Watch Technical Demonstration Program aims to identify and characterize combinations of sensors and systems to develop a cost-effective Recognized Maritime Picture (RMP) for the Canadian Arctic. The unique characteristics of the Arctic environment require actual system deployment for an effective understanding of the environmental effects and the costs associated with carrying out such Northern activities. This project will also demonstrate the potential benefits to enhance Canada’s security, safety, economy, or environment. One of the objectives of the Northern Watch Project is to model the performance of electro-optic and radar sensors to detect, classify and recognize targets when installed at a number of locations in the Canadian Arctic. In particular, modelling is required for a site, near Gascoyne Inlet, that has been chosen for testing the sensors. To accomplish this task, good quality meteorological data covering all of these areas is required to realistically predict the performance of electro-optical, infrared or radar sensors in the Arctic maritime environment (for example over Barrow Strait). To obtain sufficient data, three avenues are available: 1) make our own measurements, 2) obtain measurements from other organizations, and 3) obtain data from model predictions. This document describes the results obtained during the Northern Watch Arctic trial of 2008 when we obtained data from nearby meteorological stations, and model data obtained from Environ&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532436">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532436.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532479.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Characteristics of Successful Organizations]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This Technical Memorandum reverse engineers the characteristics of a successful organization by examining, in the context of contemporary organization theory, the suggestions for organizational sabotage contained in the Simple Sabotage Field Manual published by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in 1944. The advice offered in the manual is evaluated against a framework consisting of Chester I. Barnard’s three key elements of organization—willing cooperation, effective communication, and unity of purpose—in the context of Barnard’s biaxial effectiveness/efficiency construct. The Memorandum concludes that, pace Barnard et al., the executive sub-unit of any organization is, by virtue of its centralized authority for decisionmaking and its internal dynamics, uniquely vulnerable to sabotage; and that by providing a useful “photonegative image” of the characteristics of a successful organization, the OSS Field Manual can serve as a “target list” not only for would-be organizational saboteurs, but also for leaders and managers hoping to identify areas for improvement of their organization’s policies and processes.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532479">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532479.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532665.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Dynamically Adaptive Context-Aware Distributed System Services over Disadvantaged Grid]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532665">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532665.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532775.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Determining Extreme Capability Requirements Using Orthogonal Arrays]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The basis of defence planning has in the past few years shifted from large single conventional wars to that of preparation for concurrent operations in multiple theatres. Planners often assume that future operations would have staggered starts. This assumption makes the sequence in which the operations are executed consequential with respect to the levels of capabilities needed to meet requirements. Often times, the most demanding sequence is determined by conducting a complete enumeration of all possible sequencing of the planning scenarios. The most stringent capability requirement so determined is then used for planning. This report provides results of a simulation study that shows that it is possible to get a requirement specification that is adequate for over 92% of all future possibilities using considerably fewer sequences based on orthogonal arrays (56 instead of 40320 sequences in the case of eight planning scenarios). It also shows that contrary to popular perception, staggering the starts of the operations does not necessarily lead to reduced requirements.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532775">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532775.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532706.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Small Caliber Weapons and Ammunition Technologies State-of-the-Art Overview]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532706">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532706.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532563.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Foundations for Stress Management Training of Traumatic Stressors using Virtual Reality]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This research report consists of literature reviews and analyses of data on stressors associated with psychological injuries in theaters of operations and on the efficacy of stress management training (SMT) to potentially reduce those injuries. The information is examined from the prospect of potentially using virtual reality (VR) to train military personnel to master stress management techniques. The first section provides an overview of the characteristics of traumatic stressors and analyses of data on both the stressors’ frequency and their association with psychological injuries. This led to the identification of stressful situations that can be developed in VR. A systematic review of 350 empirical papers confirmed the efficacy of SMT and pinpointed the best strategies where VR training could be useful. The third section reviewed VR technologies, important concepts and relevant studies for SMT. The report concludes with an integrated approach for training that could be useful for the Canadian Forces and suggestions of experimental studies that are needed to move forward in the proposed direction.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532563">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532563.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532777.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[ARMY ADAPTATION for COIN]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This Technical Memorandum reports the results of the initial phase of a project initiated by the Directorate of Land Concepts and Designs (DLCD) to identify in what ways Canada’s Army must adapt to better meet the growing challenges encountered in counterinsurgency operations. It does so through a focused examination of the lessons which past cases hold for development of such a capability. Emphasis is placed on the identification of operational and tactical lessons for Canadian Army consideration. In particular, what adaptations/improvements/changes have regular Armies undertaken in the past to successfully address an adaptive insurgency campaign at these levels? The inquiry was conducted with the assistance of a select group of academic and policy analysts chosen for their expertise in the field of counterinsurgency operations. The analysts chosen were requested to produce a short paper identifying lessons for Canadian Army consideration based on the historical record. More precisely, they were asked to consider the past history of such operations and identify those lessons - if any - that past counterinsurgency campaigns held for the Canadian Army’s development of a more effective COIN capability. A workshop, attended by a number of interested military officers and civilian analysts within the Department of National Defence was then convened. The proceedings, which consisted of the presentation and discussion of the analytical papers, a preliminary identification of the ke&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532777">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532777.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532672.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[RDDC Valcartier PACEM ARP Patterns and Agility for capability engineering methodology and requirements engineering]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532672">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532672.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532644.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Cognitive Support Requirements for Decision Making in Complex Systems]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The present paper reports an experiment studying the cognitive functions required for' effective decision making in a complex and dynamic environment. In particular, we studied the effects of anticipating the consequences of a decision and of strategy elaboration. Participants performed a simulated society management task in one of three conditions: i) a baseline condition, ii) a condition that requires participants to anticipate the outcomes of their decisions, or iii) a condition that provides a decision aid which automates the anticipation function. The degree of strategy elaboration was measured using a post-experimental questionnaire. Participants performed comparably in the three conditions. However, we found that in the two anticipation conditions there was a significant positive correlation between the degree of strategy elaboration and task performance. Our analysis suggests that two cognitive functions may be jointly necessary for effective decision making in a complex and dynamic environment: anticipation (integration and application of structural knowledge), and strategy elaboration (identification of sub-goals based on system understanding).&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532644">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532644.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532774.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Executable Architecture of Net Enabled Operations]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Centre for Operational Research and Analysis (CORA) is developing capability-engineering analysis tools to support the building, demonstration, and analysis of executable architectures. Our previous paper [7] described how to model workflows within an Operations Centre (OPCEN) employing a Net-Centric architecture. It used a State Machine (SM) to simulate how multiple jobs can proceed in parallel, and in contention within priorities, when operators use a Task, Post, Process, Use (TPPU) cycle to organize their work. This paper extends the OPCEN SM model to track the interaction of work between OPCENs. The State Machine of Federated Nodes (SMOFN) engine is organized around networked functional nodes within those OPCENs that produce and consume products held in a virtual Repository. The data-driven simulation uses files to build customized job workflows and configure any combination of nodes without affecting the operational logic.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532774">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532774.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532795.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Nonlinear filtering and quantum physics]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In this report, it is shown that Euclidean quantum mechanics is closely related to the continuous nonlinear filtering problem. The key is the configuration space Feynman path integral representation of the fundamental solution of a Fokker-Planck type of equation termed the Yau Equation of continuous-continuous filtering. A corollary is the equivalence between nonlinear filtering problem and a time-varying Schrödinger equation previously pointed out by S-T. Yau and Stephen Yau. The path integral formulation is shown to lead to a better conceptual understanding of the origin of this relationship.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532795">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532795.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532690.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Extraction of temperature and emissivity from airborne thermal hyperspectral imagery]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532690">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532690.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532421.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Development of a remediation strategy for surface soils contaminated with energetic materials by thermal processes]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[As a result of military training, many ranges and training areas are contaminated with energetic materials (EMs). In Canada, for many sites characterized, more than 80 % of the overall contamination by EMs was found in the first 10 cm of the surface soil for propellant residues at the firing positions. Military personnel can be exposed to these compounds which may eventually be transported to surface and groundwater. At this moment, there is no official protocol for routinely removing propellant residues from surface soils. Various remediation strategies are currently being studied (phytoremediation, fire ecology, etc.) in order to address the problem of surface soils contamination by EMs. This report presents the work carried out to evaluate up to which extent the combustion of selected fuels (liquids and gels) could be used as a remediation method for the thermal decomposition of propellants in surface soils. In Phase 1, preliminary tests were carried out to quickly evaluate the potential of fuel combustion over soil as a remediation procedure. In Phase 2, temperature propagation in sand was determined during burnings. In Phase 3, contaminated soil taken from the firing position of an anti-tank range was monitored for nitroglycerine before and after the combustion of a top layer of selected fuels. The results showed that a gelled ethanol fuel is promising for the remediation of contaminated soils by energetic materials.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532421">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532421.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532779.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Managed Readiness Simulator (MARS) V2]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The first Managed Readiness Simulator prototype (MARS V1) successfully demonstrated the modelling concepts on which MARS is based, but it lacked technical flexibility and the potential to address subsequent development goals. The most important development goal which was considered infeasible in MARS V1 was support for a dynamic establishment in which CF resources are recruited into, advance through and retire from the establishment at the same time that operational deployments are occurring. Other features were also desired in order to improve the generality and flexibility of the MARS application. MARS V2 was developed to achieve these goals. The feature enhancements and additions involved in the development of MARS V2 affected nearly all aspects of the original functional design. Therefore, this paper serves as a comprehensive reference of all the functionality now available in MARS V2.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532779">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532779.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532701.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[The Importance of Aerobic Fitness in Extending Thermotolerance in Extreme Environments]]> <![CDATA[(L’importance de la capacité aérobique pour l’augmentation de la thermotolérance dans des conditions extrêmes)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Introduction/Relevance Current theatres of military operations involve exposure to high ambient temperatures while wearing protective clothing such as fragmentation vests and/or the use of biological and chemical ensembles. Under conditions of uncompensable heat stress, aerobic fitness is a critical factor in explaining the higher core temperature (Tc) that can be tolerated by endurance trained (TR) versus untrained (UT) individuals. Tolerating higher Tc not only extends exposure time but it ensures that individuals can safely continue to be mobile while carrying their own weight and additional loads. Rationale The purpose of the current research was to examine whether differences in the immuno-inflammatory activation existed between TR and UT that might help explain the different Tc tolerated at exhaustion (EXH). Methods Twelve TR (24 + or - 1 y, 73.3 + or - 2.2 kg, 9.6 + or - 1.0 %fat, 62 + or - 2 ml/kg/min VO2peak) and eleven UT (23 + or - 1 y, 78.7 + or - 2.7 kg, 15.8 + or - 1.7 %fat, 42 + or - 1 ml/kg/min) walked at 4.5 km/h and a 2% grade to EXH in 40°C and 30% RH while wearing a biological and chemical protective overgarment. Blood was sampled at 0.5°C increments until Tc reached 40.0°C or the trial was terminated due to high heart rates, nausea, dizziness or volition. Plasma endotoxin and serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) were determined as were intracellular pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and heat stress protein (HSP) in circulating monocytes using&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532701">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532701.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532375.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Pandora's Bots]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532375">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532375.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532581.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Adaptive Camouflage]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532581">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532581.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532464.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Marine Builder's Risk Insurance for the Joint Support Ship Contract]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Department of National Defence’s (DND) procurement process for the Joint Support Ships (JSS) requires a quantitative understanding of the Project Management Office’s (PMO) tolerance for risk. By establishing the risk tolerance of the stakeholders, we can place bounds on the requisite amount of insurance for the JSS project. In particular, the acquisition of Marine Builder’s Risk Insurance (MBRI) provides protection for the shipbuilding capital investment during the construction phase. Using utility theory, we obtain decisive results regarding the risk tolerance of the PMO JSS. Our tests yield the necessary statistical significance to reject the hypothesis of risk neutrality and to accept the hypothesis of risk aversion. Using a least-squares best-fit parameterization, we quantify PMO JSS’s risk tolerance which allows us to construct a series of actuarial tables in conjunction with standard loss distributions for rare events. The decision maker can use the actuarial tables with expert opinion to determine the correct level of MBRI required for the JSS project.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532464">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532464.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532564.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Coordination in distributed intelligent systems]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Intelligent and autonomous agents have emerged as a novel approach offering the ability to analyze, design, build, and implement complex systems. The agent-based conceptual view provides a large repertoire of tools, techniques, and metaphors that can be adopted to considerably improve the way many types of complex systems are conceptualized and implemented in various domains. Agent-oriented technologies are increasingly used in a variety of applications, ranging from comparatively small systems to large and complex, mission-critical applications such as air traffic control. This report covers issues and comprehensively answers commonly asked questions about coordination in agent-oriented systems. It is dedicated to providing a state-of-the-art review of current coordination strategies, protocols and mechanisms. In exploring the progress achieved, this study has unveiled the lack of coherence and order that characterizes the area of research pertaining to coordination. Based on current practical deployed applications and future opportunities, the report identifies and thoroughly examines trends, challenges, and future agent-oriented research directions.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532564">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532564.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532688.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Current LWIR HSI remote sensing activities at DRDC Valcartier]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Recently, DRDC Valcartier has been investigating longwave hyperspectral imaging (HSI) remote sensing techniques using ground-based and airborne sensors. Specific projects to date involve the development of a new ground-based sensor called MoDDIFS (Multi-Option Differential Detection and Imaging Fourier Spectrometer), and the testing of a commercial-off-the-shelf airborne sensor, called Hyper-Cam-LW. The MODDIFS project involves the development of a leading edge infrared (IR) hyperspectral sensor optimized for the standoff detection of explosive vapours and precursors. The development of the MoDDIFS HSI sensor is based on the integration of two innovative and successful technologies: (1) the differential Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) radiometry technology found in the Compact Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (CATSI) sensor previously developed at DRDC Valcartier, and (2) the hyperspectral imaging technology developed by Telops Inc. The new MoDDIFS sensor will essentially offer the optical subtraction capability of the CATSI system but at high-spatial resolution using an MCT focal plane plan array of 84x84 pixels. The new MoDDIFS sensor will also offer the potential of simultaneously measuring differential linear polarizations to further reduce the clutter in the measured radiance. The airborne Hyper-Cam initiative seeks to test the commercially available ground-based Hyper-Cam system, developed by Telops Inc, on a stabilized airborne platform with integrated image motio&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532688">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532688.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532478.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[The Energy Security Impact of Oil Nationalization]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This Technical Memorandum details scenarios developed for the Global Futures Forum Workshop &#9135; Global Energy and Environmental Security Consequences of Possible Oil Futures: Risks and Opportunities that occurred in Washington, D.C., February 26-27, 2009. The scenarios outlined in this Technical Memorandum pertain to the potential impact of the nationalization of oil in a world that is inadequately supplied. They were developed using a quadrilateral projection process and model.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532478">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532478.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532529.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Data Analysis of Joint Command Decision Support]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This technical report presents the results obtained during the Pegasus Guardian Experiment (PG EX) in the Joint Command Decision Support for the 21st Century Technology Demonstrator (JCDS 21 TD) project. The goal of the first JCDS 21 TD experiment was to analyze the command and control and intelligence and information (C2I2) management processes of an operational joint headquarters in response to a major domestic event. In particular, reactive C2I2 processes in response to requests for assistance, requests for transfer of authority and the development and maintenance of situational awareness were examined. Therefore, this first event aimed at assessing existing CF processes, procedures and C2 applications to support time-sensitive decision-making when dealing with domestic operations. An Olympic 2010 scenario was used to simulate a complex decision-making situation in which decision makers are overloaded with information. This scenario was part of the PG EX run by the Canadian Forces Experimentation Centre (CFEC) in support of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Integrated Security Unit (RCMP ISU) for the 2010 Olympics. Independent of the CFEC experiment, the metrics used with the Joint Task Force Games (JTFG) cell allowed the JCDS 21 TD team members to validate their initial knowledge management and decision support concepts and technologies with respect to organizational and individual factors, situational awareness and operations planning and execution.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532529">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532529.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532341.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Surface soil characterization of explosives and metals at the Land Force Central Area Training Centre (LFCA TC) Meaford, Ontario (Phase II) Final report]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This work describes the second evaluation of the impacts of the live fire training at the Land Force Central Area Training Centre (LFCA TC) Meaford, Ontario (Phase II). This study was conducted in August 2008 by DRDC Valcartier for Director Land Environment (DLE) to complete the evaluation of the soil contamination by explosives and metals. In parallel, the Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) conducted sampling and analysis of surface water and groundwater for metals and explosives and produced two separate reports describing the results from their Phase I and II. In our study, most of the ranges at LFCA TC Meaford were sampled during the September 2007 campaign. In August 2008, nine ranges were sampled to complete our understanding of the explosives and/or metals contamination. More precisely, the Apeldorn grenade range was re-visited to confirm metal concentrations observed during Phase I, the Caen range was re-sampled to confirm propellant residues concentrations while Cambrai target positions were re-sampled to examine the high selenium concentrations found during Phase I. In Cassino, small arms target positions were evaluated for metal concentrations while the 40 mm impact area was evaluated for energetic concentrations. The urban assault portion of Ortona range was sampled for energetics while Normandy, Position 409 and the Gravel Pit were sampled for energetics and metals. Finally, it was not possible to sample the stop butt of the impact area. Forty &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532341">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532341.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532582.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Photonic Work at DRDC - Valcartier]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Defence R&D Canada Valcartier is one of seven research centers of Defence R&D Canada (DRDC), an agency of the Canadian Department of National Defence that responds to the scientific and technological needs of the Canadian Forces. It has world-leading expertise in optronic, information, and combat systems. The scope of activities includes spectral and geospatial exploitation, tactical surveillance and reconnaissance, command and control decision support systems, intelligence and information, energetic materials, precision weapons, weapons effects and protection, and electro- optical warfare. These research activities result in innovative applications and meaningful impact in the defence and security environment. DRDC Valcartier brings together multidisciplinary teams to offer the Canadian Forces state-of-the-art scientific expertise, world class facilities and turnkey project management. Its mission is to support the various operational needs of the Canadian Forces is achieved in collaboration with industry and numerous partners from the regional, national and international scientific communities.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532582">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532582.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532289.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Rapid Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents and their Hydrolysis Products by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (DESI-MS)]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A “dip and shoot” analytical method was developed for the rapid sampling and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (DESI-MS) analysis of chemical warfare agents and their hydrolysis products in liquid samples. Sampling was performed by simply dipping fused silica, stainless steel or SPME tips into the organic or aqueous samples. Replicate analyses were completed within several minutes under ambient conditions with no sample pre-treatment, resulting in a significant increase in sample throughput over conventional solid phase microextraction (SPME) sampling and DESI-MS analysis or liquid chromatographic electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS) analysis. The developed sample handling and analysis method was applied to the determination of chemical warfare agent content in samples containing unknown chemical and/or biological warfare agents. Ottawa sand was spiked with mustard, extracted with water and autoclaved to ensure sterility. Mustard was completely hydrolysed during the extraction/autoclave step and thiodiglycol was identified by DESI-MS, with analyses generally being completed within one minute using the “dip and shoot” method developed for the rapid analysis of liquid samples.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532289">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532289.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532697.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Red Dawn: The Emergence of a Red Teaming Capability in the Canadian Forces]]> <![CDATA[(La venue des équipes rouges: apparition d’une nouvelle capacité au sein des Forces canadiennes)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The concept of red teaming is not new and the use of red teams by the public and private sectors are well document. However, while there is a legacy of red teaming, it remains a developing and evolving concept with numerous definitions. Unlike the US military, the Canadian Forces does not have a program to train red team members in the proper application and utility of the function, nor has it formalized the concept in doctrine. In fact, much of the red teaming performed in the Canadian Forces is ad hoc. However, the state of red teaming in the Canadian Forces is about to change. Owing largely to the success of red teaming in the US Army, red teaming has become a hot topic in the Canadian defence and security community. As a result, efforts are underway to explore, formalize, and professionalise the concept and capability in the Canadian Forces. This paper has two goals: (1) to briefly identify and explore examples of red teaming from across the private and public sectors; and (2) by drawing upon these examples, to outline the characteristics of red teaming and propose an integrated, and working, definition of red teaming for possible use by the Canadian Forces.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532697">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532697.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532313.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Ultrawide (UWB) high-resolution noiseradar for concealed weapon detection]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This report describes the preliminary simulation results of ultra wideband polarized scattering from various types of concealed weapons carried by a human. Results are shown for both isolated weapons as well as weapons in close proximity to a human, simulating a human carrying the weapon. By selecting the frequency range to cover the region of resonance, i.e., when the weapon size is a wavelength, resonant scattering mechanism provides unique spectral features that can be used for detecting these weapons. Our preliminary simulations show that it is indeed possible to use the wideband polarized backscatter to identify concealed weapons carried by humans. The report consists of five parts which address the following topics: 1) literature survey, 2) capabilities of full-wave electromagnetic models: feasibility and preliminary case studies, 3) parametric studies in terms of distance, weapon size, mutual position and polarization, 4) complete system models and their performance in frequency and time domain analyses, and 5) recommendations for system parameters.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532313">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532313.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532660.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Managing Combat Stress by Training in Immersive Virtual Environments]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532660">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532660.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532659.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A Quality Perspective of Software Evolvability using Semantic Analysis]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Software development and maintenance are highly distributed processes that involve a multitude of supporting tools and resources. Knowledge relevant to these resources is typically dispersed over a wide range of artifacts, representation formats, and abstraction levels. In order to stay competitive, organizations are often required to assess and provide evidence that their software meets the expected requirements. In our research, we focus on assessing non-functional quality requirements, specifically evolvability, through semantic modeling of relevant software artifacts. We introduce our SE-Advisor that supports the integration of knowledge resources typically found in software ecosystems by providing a unified ontological representation. We further illustrate how our SE-Advisor takes advantage of this unified representation to support the analysis and assessment of different types of quality attributes related to the evolvability of software ecosystems.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532659">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532659.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532580.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Beyond Generated Software Documentation]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Over the last decades, software engineering processes have constantly evolved to reflect cultural, social, technological, and organizational changes, which are often a direct result of the Internet. The introduction of the Web 2.0 resulted in further changes, creating an interactive and community driven platform. However, these ongoing changes have yet to be reflected in the way we document software system's. Documentation generators, like Doxygen and its derivatives (Javadoc, Natural Docs, etc.) have become the de facto industry standards for creating external technical software documentation from source code. However, the interwoven representation of source code and documentation within a source code editor limits the ability of these approaches to provide rich media, internationalization, and interactive content. In this paper, we combine the functionality of a web browser with a source code editor to provide source code documentation with rich media content. The paper presents our fully functional implementation of the editor within the Eclipse framework.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532580">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532580.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532651.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Categorization of Maritime Anomalies for Notification and Alerting Purpose]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Automated anomaly detection systems in the maritime domain typically generate large numbers of unorganized alerts of various types which must be reviewed by human analysts. When the volume of reports becomes very high, and when the reports cannot be structured and/or prioritized, there is a greater risk that analysts/subscribers will reject the whole data stream. Efficient mechanisms are thus needed to make the reports more palatable to the analysts and/or the partner agencies on a network who may subscribe to an anomaly-reporting service. Such mechanisms require a categorization of the anomalies that is well-matched to the implicit operational models of the end-users. This paper presents such a categorization, based on a taxonomy of the maritime situational facts involved in anomaly detection identified and validated through knowledge acquisition sessions with experts. The paper begins with a. review of domain challenges, knowledge-based (expert) systems, and the knowledge engineering process that was used. Highlights of results from knowledge acquisition sessions with maritime domain experts are presented; these results are the foundation of a proposed taxonomy of maritime situational facts of interest. This taxonomy is then used as a mechanism to categorize maritime anomalies.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532651">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532651.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532648.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Automated Reasoning for Maritime Anomaly Detection]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Maritime domain operators and analysts around the world maintain 24/7 watch over the oceans. They do so by extracting and analyzing situational facts from a variety of sensor data streams and situation analysis support tools. Unfortunately, many of the situational facts of interest cannot be observed. The operators/analysts thus use their knowledge of the maritime domain and their reasoning faculties to infer the facts of interest that cannot be observed. However, they are often overwhelmed by the large amount of data and information that they have to process; automated reasoning tools could thus be used to support them. In this regard, this paper discusses an ongoing research activity to develop an environment that would enable the synergistic exploitation of the complementary strengths and expressiveness characteristics of different knowledge representation approaches and corresponding reasoning paradigms (e.g., rule-based, description logics and case-based reasoning) to achieve the inference of situational facts through automated reasoning.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532648">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532648.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532530.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Bonded-Patch Integrity Characterization]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Bonded-patch technology can be employed to either enhance the integrity or to repair damaged structures. In aerospace applications consideration must be given to the effectiveness of the bonded-patch technology to restore the performance of a given component to an acceptable level. Repair of aircraft and components is of particular importance for military air fleets due to the prolonged life-cycle of the aircraft beyond the normal design life. In this respect, a reliable and cost-effective repair technology would help to minimize costs associated with maintenance of military air fleets by offering a low cost alternative to replacing aircraft components. A fundamental drawback to the application of this technology, particularly for critical, primary structure, is the need to assure that the patch is performing as designed. Hence, the oncomponent characterization of a given bonded-patch is of vital importance in terms of assessing the integrity of the bond. Disbond or delamination associated with long-term stress cycling can adversely affect the quality of the bonded-patch. In this report, a simple and reliable method based on modal resonance is described in which the variation in the modal resonance is employed to detect and monitor the evolution of a bonded-patch disbond. For demonstration purposes the proposed method is applied to aluminum 6061-T651 beams with bonded-patch segments on their surface.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532530">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532530.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532736.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Formulation and Characterization of Nanoclay Composites]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Nanocomposites are a promising new area in material science. Many researchers have described the benefits of nanoscale fillers. The incorporation of nanosized particles with high aspect ratios into polymers has led to new composites with improved physical properties such as improved strength, UV absorbance and fire resistance. The work reported here compared the physical properties of various nanoclay formulations. Degree of clay loading, the use of compatibilizing agent and natural vs. synthetic clay were all examined. Polyamide and polypropylene were chosen as the matrix materials, with Cloisite 15A as the natural clay and Perkalite F100, Somasif ME or Lucentite SWN as the synthetic clays. Samples of neat, 2 wt.% and 4 wt.% clay were prepared and analyzed using scanning electron micrography and x-ray diffraction to determine dispersion. The physical properties of the nanocomposites were then examined using thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, quasistatic tensile testing, impact testing, abrasion testing and cone calorimetry. The particles in the polyamide nanocomposites appeared to be better dispersed than in the polypropylene nanocomposites. The physical properties of the nanocomposites showed minor improvements over the parent polymer, while the addition of nanoclays to the polyamide system imparted better physical properties than the polypropylene. It is believed that poor dispersion played a role in the lack of significant improvements in material pr&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532736">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532736.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532280.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Weapon System Effectiveness for the LAV III Life Extension Program]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Chief of Staff Land Strategy requested that an operational research (OR) study be conducted to assess the effectiveness of a light remote weapon station (RWS) mounted on a LAV III, in comparison to the current two-man Delco turret. The Land Forces Operational Research Team (LFORT) consequently performed a wargame study to compare the effectiveness of various weapon configurations for the RWS on LAV III vehicles in addition to the currently used 25 mm cannon (baseline). The assessment was based on a series of modeled scenarios whereby the vehicles performed convoy protection and patrol operations in complex urban and open terrains during daylight conditions. The chosen locale allowed for ambush and chance encounters with insurgent forces to occur. The study was denoted as NICKEL TIGER. The BLUE force consisted of either a LAV Platoon or Company and in some cases involved BLUE dismounts. The RED force consisted of dismounts having machine guns or rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) at their disposal, in addition to soft-skinned vehicles and light armoured vehicles having either a medium machine gun (MMG) or a 30mm cannon as the main weapon. In the study, the following weapon options were considered for the RWS: a notional 25 mm low velocity (LV) cannon, a 40 mm automatic grenade launcher (AGL), a .50 calibre heavy machine gun (HMG), a 20 mm cannon, a 7.62 mm C6 machine gun, and anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs). The wargame results indicate that the current weapon/turret confi&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532280">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532280.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532366.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Managed Readiness Simulator (MARS) V2]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This paper describes technical enhancements implemented in the second version of the Managed Readiness Simulator (MARS V2). These enhancements were required to address limitations in the technology and implementation of the initial prototype (MARS V1). The limitations related to data volume, data structures, algorithms and performance, which prevented larger and more complex scenarios from being simulated. Therefore, a range of potential approaches was identified, and a novel model architecture was devised that would address these limitations. The approach consisted of exploiting database technology during simulation execution which was termed a Simulation Runtime Database (SRDB). This allowed the simulation to use the database’s table data structures for runtime data storage and to invoke data processing algorithms through Structured Query Language commands. A feasibility study was conducted that proved that the SRDB could be implemented in the MARS simulation engine, Arena. This justified the implementation of the MARS V2 model using the SRDB approach. Testing of the completed MARS V2 model showed that it successfully addressed all four of the limitations identified in MARS V1. Ultimately, the SRDB approach provided a much more capable platform for large, complex simulation scenarios that will meet current and future client needs.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532366">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532366.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532388.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[RF SIESTA software user manual]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This report contains the Software User Manual (SUM) for the RF SIESTA software. This document contains all information necessary to install and operate RF SIESTA in a stand-alone or networked configuration. The SUM also explains the limitations of the current software version and describes the changes that should be implemented in the next software version.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532388">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532388.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532645.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Cognitive Support for Complex Systems Management]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532645">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532645.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532892.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Environmental Modeling Packages for the MSTDCL TDP]]> <![CDATA[(Trousses de modélisation environnementale pour le PDT DCLTCM)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Since 2005 DRDC Atlantic has been conducting the Multi-Sensor Torpedo Detection, Classification, and Localization (MSTDCL) technology demonstration project aimed at improving the torpedo detection, classification, and tracking capabilities on Halifax-class frigates. This document examines the advantages to the MSTDCL project of adding a capable Environmental Analysis package for detection performance prediction. Three levels of complexity were examined: a basic level based on the Networked Underwater Warfare (NUW) developed analysis package, an intermediate level package building on the NUW package to provide improved functionality and displays while reducing operator interaction, and an Advanced Environmental Analysis package that improves the accuracy of the performance predictions by more accurately representing range-dependent environments. The advantages of each level to the MSTDCL system are compared, along with estimates of the work level required to implement the package. A low-risk approach beginning with the NUW package and advancing through the intermediate levels is recommended.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532892">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532892.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/">
<title>
<![CDATA[Extracting Bottom Information from Towed-Array Reverberation Data]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Long-range reverberation data were gathered on towed arrays during the NATO Rapid Response exercises (1996-1998) and the Boundary Characterization experiments (2000-2004). The primary tools were various SACLANTCEN/NURC arrays towed by the NATO Research Vessel Alliance. Most of the sites were in the Mediterranean, in both deep and shallow water, but there were sites on the east and west Atlantic continental shelves. This paper describes the experimental measurements, data processing, and quick-look analyses that were used in our REA (rapid environmental assessment) approach. Polar plots of the beam time series, overlaid on the bathymetry of the region, were extremely useful in providing an immediate analysis of the area. The reverberation highlights are usually correlated with bottom bathymetry and known scattering features. However, it was found that the polar plots often showed scattering features not on the charts, but which could often be identified by detailed follow-on bottom surveys. Thus the polar-plot technique is a valuable survey tool. Examples from a number of the sites are illustrated. The reverberation beam time series data, from areas with few scattering features, were used with model predictions to extract estimates of bottom loss and backscattering strength. A pair of journal papers have been published recently: one focuses on the measurement methodology, and the other on the modelling procedure and parameter extraction. This report is very similar to the firs&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532940">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>


</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532248.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Operational Support Aircraft Routing Model]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Canadian Forces is seeking to establish permanent and temporary operational support hubs at strategic locations around the globe to improve its logistics support effectiveness and responsiveness for deployed operations. These hubs will be used for cross-loading between modes of transportation as well as for the pre-positioning of non-perishable supplies (i.e., various non-perishable supplies could be procured at local area and positioned at hubs for future delivery) to reduce transportation costs and to improve the speed of delivery. This paper presents a mathematical model developed to address aircraft routing problems associated with the Canadian Operational Support Command hub-based support concept. The model could be used for planning sustainment flights to determine cost (or time) effective aircraft routes for the movement of cargo and supplies from various support hubs to a theatre of operation. The model is formulated as a vehicle routing problem and is implemented using mixed integer nonlinear programming. An example using historical deployment and sustainment data is presented to illustrate the methodology.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532248">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532248.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532214.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A review on pharmacokinetic modeling and the effects of environmental stressors on pharmacokinetics for operational medicine]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In this report, we conducted a comprehensive literature review on the effects of a range of physiological and psychological stressors on drug absorption, distribution and elimination (pharmacokinetics), and current pharmacokinetic models (including computerized modeling tools and algorithms) used to predict pharmacokinetic changes. Although sophisticated computerized mathematical models have been widely used to quantitatively describe the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the human body, limited experimental data for both descriptive and predictive purposes were available. The effects of isolated physical activities on pharmacokinetics have been documented. However, some inconsistencies need to be addressed, such as; the intensity and duration of each physical activity, and timing of drug administration. Other physiological stressors, such as temperature, hypoxic, hyperbaric and hyperoxic conditions have been studied to a lesser extent. There are only a few reports describing the psychological effects on drug pharmacokinetics. After carefully reviewing the literature, our goal is to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict the absorption, distribution and elimination of drugs employed under various military physiological and psychological stressors.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532214">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532214.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532369.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Procurement across DRDC]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Considerable effort has been devoted to improving the DRDC procurement system. This is important in two ways. Firstly, the DRDC business model is based on fifty percent of the budget devoted to internal delivery of research programs and fifty per cent on external delivery which is done mainly through contracts. Secondly, the Defence Science and Technology Strategy relies on procurement as an enabler for the development of industry expertise and competitiveness. Past efforts have focused mainly on addressing issues with the process. While improvements have been observed, it is evident that there are larger cultural issues that should be addressed, as procurement remains one of the largest irritants to advancing science Agency-wide. To develop a comprehensive cross-organisational solution that deals with the issues from multiple perspectives, data were collected through interviews with senior leadership, focus groups with procurement staff, and from a questionnaire administered to the personnel across the DRDC Enterprise. The major finding is that the Agency must adopt a strategic approach to procurement. Relationships have to be developed between DRDC Centres and Public Works and Government Services Canada. Contracting vehicles ought to be developed that address the unique requirements of the various DRDC Centres. Improving communication within and between organisations is a key mechanism that will require considerable effort as it is fundamental for any significant change to &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532369">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532369.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532383.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[MEMS Based Acoustic Thremomechanical Characterization of Aluminum 6061-T651 Beams]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Temperature based testing is an important tool in determining the mechanical characteristics of structures. Metallic structures such as aluminum beams respond to high and low temperatures by expanding or contracting accordingly. Hence, the structure under goes changes in geometry that can influence its performance. Similarly, the elastic property of the material has a temperature dependence that contributes significantly to the overall mechanical qualities of the material. These thermally induced changes in geometrical and elastic parameters can be monitored through experimentation. In this work, a method based on flexural frequency response is described in which the variation in the experimental 5th natural frequency under thermal loading is employed to extract the coefficient of thermal dependence of Young’s modulus. This coefficient is then employed in the theoretical model to validate the experimental 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th natural frequencies of the aluminum beam. A micro-electro-mechanical-systems based microphone is used to monitor the frequency response of the vibrating beam. The theoretical model is based on a free-free boundary supported beam from which the natural frequencies are obtained. Constant geometry and constant elasticity models are also presented and compared. For demonstration purposes the proposed method is applied to an aluminum 6061-T651 beam. Experimental results are good agreement with the theoretical formulation.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532383">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532383.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532363.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A Metric for Maritime Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) - Probability of Identification]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Probability of Identification (P<sub>ID</sub>) metric is a method for measuring and scoring the quality of maritime Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) activities in an operational context. The metric presents a clear, easy to interpret, quantitative measure of effectiveness of maritime ISR activities over a defined period of time, and has been adopted by Canada’s regional operational commands as one of the standard metrics for maritime ISR reporting. The aim of this paper is to describe the theoretical and technical underpinnings of the P<sub>ID</sub> metric for a scientific audience. The current metric serves as a starting point for evolving a much more comprehensive metric for maritime ISR.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532363">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532363.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532221.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Modelling Workload on the Bison C3I Command Post]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This report presents a knowledge base for the creation of a Bison Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C3I) Mobile Command Post (MCP) simulator in the Defence Research and Development Canada – Toronto’s (DRDC-Toronto) Noise Simulation Facility (NSF). The purpose of this paper is to provide suitable MCP information such that the study of enhancements to communications, situation awareness, and hearing protection can be made. This knowledge base was established through a limited-scope literature review, a vehicle inspection, Subject Matter Expert (SME) interviews, a compiled inventory of Bison MCP equipment, and an analysis of the tasks performed by a MCP radio operator. Recommendations for MCP simulations include maintaining the highest level of fidelity possible between the lab-based model and the real-world; lab subjects should be trained signal operators and should be recruited from land force personnel (regular or reservist.) Representative MCP tasks would include cordon and search operations and IED scenarios. Operator assessments should be limited to 20 minutes in duration and should include approximately 40-50 messages, of which 5 should be deemed critical. A measure of operator performance may include a mock-briefing of a commander with all relevant intelligence reports or the updating of a map board or both.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532221">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532221.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532700.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Modeling of the Bison Command, Control, Communication and Intelligence (C3I) Command Post]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This report describes work performed by Trellis Consulting on Call up #1 against Standing Offer #W7711-078111 during the months of August 2008 to July 2009 at DRDC Toronto.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532700">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532700.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532223.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Integrating occupational characteristics into human performance models]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This project studied the incorporation of military occupational data into a generic human performance modelling software, the Integrated Performance Modelling Environment (IPME). It has explored the use of modelling and simulation (M&S) for addressing the CF personnel and manpower issues. Particularly, a set of Canadian Air Force occupational specification data were integrated into IPME. This reported study documents our effort to validate this new modelling capability. The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) mission modeled in IPME was based on Kobierski (2004). The crew from the model consists of operators defined by the job-related task, skill and knowledge statements from the occupational data. Based on the task data incorporated in the model, we used a Job Similarity Index (Farrell et al., 2006) as an indicator for predicting operator performance. To confirm the validity of this approach, we originally planned to replicate the same UAV model in US Army’s IMPRINT and compare the performance predictions made by these two different modelling toolkits. However, due to the lack of access to IMPRINT, the Integrated Simulation Manpower Analysis Tool (ISMAT) was used. As a personnel modelling tool, ISMAT was developed primarily for targeting naval applications. As a result, this study focused on comparing the different personnel modelling approaches between IPME and ISMAT. Their differences are documented in this report, with a highlight on future IPME research and development dir&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532223">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532223.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/">
<title>
<![CDATA[Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Silicas and Carbons for Use as Electrodes in Electrochemical Supercapacitors]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The final year of the project focussed on the development of new electrode materials with both double-layer and Faradaic capacitances, and demonstration of asymmetric supercapacitors containing such materials. The synthesis, characterization and electrochemistry of Ru oxide/carbon nanotube composites, anthraquinone modified carbon (AQ-C), dihydroxybenzene modified carbon (DHB-C), and fluorenone modified carbon are described. The performances of asymmetric supercapacitors with AQ-C negative electrodes and Ru oxide or DHD-C positive electrodes are reported. Previous results for Ru oxide, carbon fabric (CF), Ru oxide/CF composite, and AQ-C supercapacitors are reviewed. Results for all supercapacitors developed in the project are compared and evaluated against the project targets. Ru oxide and AQ-C/Ru oxide devices greatly exceed the targets and are identified as excellent candidates for further development.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532944">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>


</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532912.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[On mathematical relationships between lidar integrated backscattered light and integrated depolarization ratios for linear and circular polarization for water droplets]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Measurements of the depolarization ratio of water droplets were performed to study the relationship between layer integrated depolarization and layer integrated backscattered light for linear and circular polarization illumination. Since those particles are spherical, the depolarization of the signal is attributed to multiple scattering effects. The experimental data reported in this article support Hu relationship between the single scattering fraction A<sub>s</sub> and the linear accumulated depolarization ratio. For circular polarization, a modified Hu relationship is established and it is shown that the use of the accumulated depolarization parameter instead of the accumulated depolarization ratio allows harmonization of the linear and circular polarization measurements into a simple mathematical expression.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532912">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532912.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532261.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Fire and Flammability Properties (Fire Performance) of Non Metallic Materials]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Damage control is a priority for naval vessels. An important component of damage control is the rapid detection and extinguishment of fires. However, the risk and severity of shipboard fires can also be reduced through the selection of non metallic materials that are less susceptible to ignition, have low rates of flame spread, generate less smoke, and release less heat and toxic gases than competing products. In this report the standards for the fire performance of non metallic materials, methods and apparatus used to evaluate the fire performance properties required by the standards, and models related to fire are reviewed. The standards include those of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Standards Organization (ISO), US military specifications (Mil Spec) and Royal Navy Defence Standards (Def Stan) and associated Naval Engineering Standards (NES). The methods include ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), Underwriter’s Laboratories (UL), ISO, and NES fire performance standards. These standards refer to a broad range of apparatus required to perform the testing. The fire models include one and two zone and computational fluid dynamic models, and detector response, egress, and fire endurance models. The applicability of small scale/laboratory fire testing to the evaluation of non metallic material performance in larger scale fire tests is discussed. Although there are many small scale/laboratory tests used to assess the fire proper&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532261">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532261.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/">
<title>
<![CDATA[An experimental investigation of the performance of a new wideband, directional receiver/transmitter sonar system]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In this report, we describe a wideband projector/4-element receiver sonar system that we constructed. The wideband projector was a medium frequency multi-mode pipe projector and four wideband; rectangular 1-3 piezocomposite hydrophones were used as receive elements. The combined projector/receiver system has a combined beamwidth of about 2 degrees at a frequency of 45 kHz. The directional characteristics depend significantly upon the frequency. Measurements of the projector’s transmit voltage response (TVR) curves and the projector’s and receive elements’ beampatterns were carried out at the DRDC Atlantic barge facility and are described. This wideband system was tested in the DRDC Atlantic acoustic calibration tank and at the barge in a series of target-scattering detection/classification experiments that are described. In particular, one of the targets was a small aluminum-shelled float. A hole was drilled into the float that allowed different materials to be placed within and it was found that these resulting objects could be discriminated based on their echo. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of some of the problems that were encountered and future work.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532937">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>


</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532346.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[The Impact of Coalition on Command and Control in Joint Fires Support Operations]]> <![CDATA[(L’impact de la coalition sur le commandement et le contrôle dans les opérations de tirs interarmées)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Operations frequently require joint forces to work together with coalition partners. But combining diverse, multi-national groups can lead to unique challenges in an operational net-centric environment. Component members may differ in basic norms, culture, and beliefs, as well as in areas such as language, doctrine, and policy. Furthermore, differences in procedures can exist – for example, methods of prioritizing and directing resources, and criteria used to measure operational impact and success, may differ between Canadian forces and our allies. In short, there are a significant number of ‘soft’ issues specific to coalition operations that are expected to negatively impact command and control with respect to time, accuracy, and operational outcome. Moreover, their affect on operational effectiveness will increase when command and control teams are distributed, as in net-centric operations. Implementing appropriate solutions into areas of greatest risk will enhance command and control and reduce the impact of coalition diversity on interoperability. This paper reports on an investigation that identified those areas of greatest concern with respect to the influence of coalition in a Joint Fires Support environment. Based on the findings, recommendations that could ameliorate command and control and improve mission effectiveness are suggested, and future work discussed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532346">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532346.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532678.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A Hierarchical Decision and Information System for Multi-aircraft Combat Missions]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Designing decision, control and information systems is motivated, .in part, by the need to support the deployment of multiple aircraft, such as combat vehicles, UCAVs, UAVs and weapons, in missions taking place in a dynamic, although uncertain, environment. Such systems aim at ensuring mission success without overloading the operating crew, the pilots and the commanders. One of the main design challenges lies in obtaining some sort of coherent behavior of the fleet, by means of solutions to potentially NP-hard problems, given incomplete and imperfect information, and despite limited computational• and communication capabilities. In this context, this paper proposes a hierarchical decision and information system aiming at providing, in real-time, coordinated aircraft path planning and deceptive engagement assignments. The blue-red engagement policy is obtained by minimizing, and balancing, the energy expenditure among the vehicles while constraining information exchanges to a minimum defined by a risk of inconsistency. The proposed system relies on dynamic programming, online heuristic techniques and stochastic, consistency-checking methods. Numerical simulations show that the proposed approach compares advantageously to a random process and to a law that seeks to minimize the cost of the confrontation at a given time regardless of past moves. However, there is a trade-off between increasing the level of deception and the level of energy consumption..&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532678">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532678.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532621.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Standoff Biodetection Working Group (SBWG)]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532621">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532621.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532650.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A View on Threat Analysis Concepts, Models and Estimation Techniques]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This position paper summarizes a recent attempt by the author to synthesize what recognized experts in the information fusion and related domains have previously said about threat analysis, while at the same time injecting the point of view of the author. Aspects of modeling the behaviour of humans considered as limited, rational purposeful agents are first presented. Then, the notions of impact and threat as << things >> resulting from actions or, more precisely, from the state changes caused by actions are discussed. The important concept of a concern reference point is introduced and described The three essential and interdependent parts of a threat, i.e., intent, capability and opportunity are briefly presented. Finally, a definition of threat analysis is proposed, and some techniques that have been used for threat and intent estimation and prediction, for behaviour analysis, and for plan analysis and recognition are listed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532650">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532650.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532258.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A Survey of Small-Scale Cogeneration Technologies for Military Applications]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cogeneration, also known as combined heat and power, is an efficient, clean and reliable approach to the simultaneous production and utilization of electricity and thermal energy from a single fuel source. It provides benefits of higher efficiencies of fuel utilization and cost savings where there is a need for both electrical power and heat. This report is meant to provide sufficient background information on the benefits of cogeneration and to describe various cogeneration technologies that could be considered for military use when considering energy upgrades or replacement in deployment installations. The review also identifies prime mover technologies suitable for meeting the near- and long-term requirements of electric power and heat generation in the 1 kW to 500 kW range. These include reciprocating engines, Stirling engines, microturbines and fuel cell-base cogeneration systems. The report presents the principles of operation for each of these technologies, performance characteristics (efficiencies, part-load performances, fuels, emissions, and maintenance issues), as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each system.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532258">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532258.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532721.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Ocean Bottom Smoothing in Bellhop]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The primary purpose of this task is to study the Curvilinear option for bathymetry interpolation and document its behaviour in Bellhop. The underlying goal is to determine if bottom smoothing will alleviate the discrepancy discovered between Bellhop and a Parabolic Equation model whereby a sharp discontinuity in bathymetry caused the predictions of the models to diverge. The results of the study show that the Curvilinear option is superior to the standard linear option over continuously curved surfaces such as elliptic and parabolic bottom profiles. Simple discontinuous profiles such as a peak, valley, shelf, or sawtooth also show improvement if the Curvilinear interpolation is restricted to a region close to the discontinuity. In this usage, the Curvilinear interpolation is mimicking the major features of the diffracted wave field about a point. Thus, the tentative conclusion is that the discrepancy previously discovered was caused by the neglect of the diffraction contribution in Bellhop. In tests using a complex measured profile from the Q290 field test, it was found that the Curvilinear option could produce transmission losses that were quite close in level and phase to those from PECan in the first 4 km of the track where the bottom was flat but rough. However, in the second part of the track where there were distinct seamounts, the comparisons degraded. In the course of this investigation, a bug was identified in Bellhop that appeared occasionally when using the Curvili&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532721">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532721.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532531.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Virtual Social Networking and Interoperability in the Canadian Forces Netcentric Environment]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In joint, coalition, and multi-agency operations, where component members are physically dispersed and culturally and operationally diverse, it is not uncommon to find that members are not familiar with the roles, expertise, and expectations of partnering units or organizations. Developing shared awareness and a high degree of interoperability in this distributed, anonymous environment necessitates appropriate tools to assist teams in collaboration and information sharing, and in localizing resources and expertise. In the corporate and public worlds a relatively new class of communication called virtual social networking (e.g., Facebook, LinkedIn) is quickly taking over more traditional information sharing methods, such as email and chat. Virtual social networking represents evolutionary progress in disseminating information via the internet and its dynamic basis provides a rich forum for sharing information, for uncovering sources of expertise, and for developing extensive virtual connections between individuals and between groups. A research program has been initiated at Defence Research and Development Canada to investigate the requirements and feasibility of implementing this kind of web-based social networking with the Canadian Forces. This paper describes results from the first phase of the project, wherein social networking applications currently used by public and private organizations were explored with respect to composition, content, and use.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532531">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532531.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532353.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Decision Rules for Pictorial Threat Classification]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Two experiments examined the use of heuristic and analytic decision strategies in a simulated threat assessment task. Subjects learned to classify targets as friend or foe on the bases of uncertain cues (i.e. characteristics that were probabilistically associated with classification of a target as friend or foe). Subjects were then asked to classify targets that contrasted predictions of several decision rules, including a simple heuristic called Take-the-Best-for-Classification (TTB-C) that uses a single cue to classify targets and the Bayesian classification strategy that is based on formal statistic models. Results of Experiment 1 indicated that the mode of presentation (Text versus picture) did not affect the tendency of subjects to use either decision strategy. Results of Experiment 2 indicated that exposure time of pictorial stimuli also did not affect the proportions of subjects employing TTB-C versus the Bayesian strategy. However, an unexpected but very large effect of the target set was observed in the second experiment. This effect may indicate that the interaction of the perceptual salience of cues with the diagnosticity of those cues is a predictor of strategy use. Future research will examine this possibility.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532353">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532353.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532606.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Virtual Social Networking and Interoperability in the Canadian Forces Netcentric Environment]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In joint, coalition, and multi-agency operations, where component members are physically dispersed and culturally and operationally diverse, it is not uncommon to find that members are not familiar with the roles, expertise, and expectations of partnering units or organizations. Developing shared awareness and a high degree of interoperability in this distributed, anonymous environment necessitates appropriate tools to assist teams in collaboration and information sharing, and in localizing resources and expertise. In the corporate and public worlds a relatively new class of communication called virtual social networking (e.g., Facebook, LinkedIn) is quickly taking over more traditional information sharing methods, such as email and chat. Virtual social networking represents evolutionary progress in disseminating information via the internet and its dynamic basis provides a rich forum for sharing information, for uncovering sources of expertise, and for developing extensive virtual connections between individuals and between groups. A research program has been initiated at Defence Research and Development Canada to investigate the requirements and feasibility of implementing this kind of web-based social networking with the Canadian Forces. This paper describes results from the first phase of the project, wherein social networking applications currently used by public and private organizations were explored with respect to composition, content, and use..&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532606">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532606.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532554.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Summary of the Maritime Force Protection Technology Demonstration Project Underwater Threats Component Build 1 Trial]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Maritime Force Protection Technology Demonstration Project (MFP TDP) is on-going at DRDC Atlantic with the objective of providing advice to the CF on force protection issues by examining requirements, state-of-the-art solutions and capability gaps, while conducting a series of tests and evaluations on developmental and COTS equipment. The Underwater Threats (UW) Component focuses on addressing deficiencies in current CF capabilities for countering underwater threats to Canadian ships in harbours and anchorages. The UW Component program is designed as a series of three Builds, each including a trial, incorporating incremental improvements using a spiral development approach. The first Build trial was completed at CFB Shearwater, Fleet Diving Unit (Atlantic), in October 2008. This was the first field test of an integrated capability that includes a QinetiQ Cerberus diver detection sonar (DDS) purchased as part of the project, and a response boat outfitted with a tactical navigation display and high-frequency identification sonar for investigating targets tracked by the DDS. A major accomplishment during the trial was achievement of complete detect-to-reacquire sequences where a target was tracked by the DDS, the track location was transferred to the response boat tactical display via wireless network, and that target was reacquired with the response boat identification sonar. During exercises with divers, an underwater loud hailer was deployed after contact acquisition, a w&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532554">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532554.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532679.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[ShipBorne Visibility Measurements]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532679">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532679.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532345.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Colloque S&T Symposium 2009 - Understanding the Human Dimension in 21st Century Conflict/Warfare]]> <![CDATA[(Colloque S et T pour la défense 2009 - Comprendre la dimension humaine dans les conflits/la conduite de la guerre au XXIe siècle)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Defence S&T Symposium 2009, which focused on "taking care of the front line," was the third of a three part series exploring the human-centric dimensions of conflict in the future security environment. When deployed, Canadian Forces are increasingly expected to navigate the tides of complex situations and environments that require strategies that are not purely military in nature. To successfully support such endeavours, a whole-of-government approach is necessary. Such an approach cannot work unless the best direction of policy and action is clearly established, but the complexities involved may create confounding issues for decision makers. To this end, human-centric S&T research is clearly needed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532345">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532345.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532619.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Short-Range BioSpectra]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532619">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532619.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532675.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Characterization of Small Surface Target Signature in the IR]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532675">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532675.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532707.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Wideband correlated-k distributions]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532707">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532707.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532676.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Small Surface Targets (RHIB) signature characterization in IR]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532676">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532676.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532219.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A Literature Review on Operator Interface Technologies for Network Enabled Operational Environments Using Complex System Analysis]]> <![CDATA[(Une analyse documentaire sur les technologies d'interface opérateur pour les environnements d’opérations réseaucentriques à l'aide d'une analyse de systèmes complexes)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A literature review was conducted to examine existing and potential advanced interface technologies for supervisory control of multiple heterogeneous assets (e.g., UAV swarming) in a NEO environment. These technologies include behavioural-based interface design approaches, physiological-based interface design approaches, and multi-agent interface design and implementation methodologies. The emphasis was on adaptive interfaces and intelligent agent system technologies. An analysis was conducted to compare differences between requirements of a NEO complex environment and current available technologies. A review on design principles and frameworks for synthetic complex systems was also performed. The results were summarized with pros and cons of different technologies for interface design purposes.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532219">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532219.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532732.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[TIF Progress Report]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Complexes between conjugated polymers and carbon nanotubes were prepared and investigated in terms of their physical, electronic, and structural characteristics. These complexes can lead to the formation of highly stable nanotube solutions in a variety of solvents. UV-Vis, Raman, and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the polymer-nanotube complexes and it was found that complexation of the nanotubes by the polymers leads to a red-shift in polymer absorption, and a complete quenching of polymer fluorescence. The high degree of solubility imparted by polymer complexation enables the preparation of homogeneous thin films of any thickness by vacuum filtration methods. These films are flexible and robust, and can be used in the preparation of supercapacitor electrodes. Of the different types of complexes investigated, ones that utilize conjugated polyelectrolytes are most effective in producing highly soluble nanotubes, and lead to the most conductive thin films. Some encouraging preliminary supercapacitance results have been obtained with complexes of carbon nanotubes and sulfonated polyaniline (SPA), where the ammonium salt of the polymer becomes self doped upon drying as a result of evolution of ammonia. This material is expected to exhibit the highest electrical conductivity of all the samples investigated. Supercapacitance results have indicated that SPAMWNT capacitance is in the range of 80 F/g, and SPA-SWNT capacitance approaches 140 F/g. Comparing these va&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532732">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532732.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532686.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A new generation of dual input beam spectroradiometers for the standoff detection of chemicals]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A new generation of optical subtraction instruments for the stand-off detection of chemicals will be presented. It combines the latest ABB Bomem spectroradiometer technology and software with the concepts used in the design of the original instrument designed and manufactured more than 12 years ago by ABB and Defence Research and Development Canada - Valcartier. This instrument is a Fourier-transform spectroradiometer with dual input beams. It is a passive, stand-off sensor that uses one input port to interrogate a scene under investigation while the other input beam can be pointed at the background. Scene. The instrument automatically measures the difference of spectral radiance between the target and the background scenes, hence achieving a real-time suppression of the background signal. The resulting measurement is the unique spectral signature of the target measured in real time. The system includes a software module to control the instrument and the acquisition parameters, a module for the radiometric calibration and a module to perform the identification and quantification, in real time, of various gases. An overview of the instrument design and initial results of tests are presented.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532686">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532686.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532662.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[DRDC and Projects Overview]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532662">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532662.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532616.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Adapting and Evolving in Emergency Response]]> <![CDATA[(Appuyer « l’émergence » dans les interventions d’urgence)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This paper posits a need for a paradigmatic shift in thinking about how emergency response organizations think about themselves and interact with one another following a major event. Society is becoming increasingly complex, as are the problems that society will need to address. While there has been and continues to be much emphasis in emergency response on the need for better coordination of response and recovery efforts, depending on the severity of an event, it may be that other types of multi-organizational partnerships, besides coordination, are needed or will aid in response efforts. There are three fundamental questions that need to be answered following an event: What needs to be done? Who should do what? How best to do it? As events increase in magnitude – moving from incidents, to routine emergencies, disasters, and catastrophes – so does the complexity of response and recovery needs and efforts, which makes it increasingly difficult to derive the necessary answers. Major events can have unusual and complicated impacts, which are often beyond the problem-solving and management boundaries of individual organizations. It may be as well that organizations will not already exist to address certain impacts following a disaster or catastrophic event. Deciding how best to respond to an event in all of its facets will necessitate that organizational responders work more closely together they than may currently do by engaging in cooperative or collaborative partnerships. How&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532616">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532616.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532705.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Rôle de RDDC dans le projet de remplacement des armes portatives (SARP) 2]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532705">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532705.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532348.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Indicators, Predictors, and Determinants of Conflict Escalation and De-escalation]]> <![CDATA[(Indicateurs, prédicateurs et déterminants de l’escalade et de l’atténuation des conflits)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This paper reviews psychological theories and quantitative research aimed at the explanation and prediction of decision-making by national and sub-national leaders. Inferences of the strategic intentions of leaders are based on the “assessment at a distance” of both their stable and changing cognitive, motivational, and emotional processes. The review evaluates profiling approaches, which develop a portrait of the subject’s personality as the source of strategic predispositions, and dynamic approaches, which measure selected psychological variables activated in particular situations at specific times. Both approaches identify psychological factors correlated with tendencies toward competitive vs. cooperative behaviour in conflict situations; the dynamic approach in particular can be used to monitor real-time changes that forecast the direction of the leader’s decision-making. The outbreak of war, including surprise attacks, is reliably associated with reduced complexity in the structure of information processing, increased power motivation as compared to affiliation motivation, and the leader’s self-perceived ability to successfully affect large-scale events. Recent research has begun to apply these approaches to the study of terrorism. The review evaluates the methodological problems of each approach and makes suggestions as to ways of improving the clarity, precision, and predictive power of these methods.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532348">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532348.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532846.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Current flow through two dimensional arrays of metal nanoparticles as a novel sensor platform]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Exposure of nanoparticles of Ag to 2-CEES (2-chloroethyl ethylsulfide, a simulant of the sulfur mustard warfare agent) was found to cause a significant change in the film conduction characteristics that could be used as a sensitive method of detection. Ag nanoparticles deposited onto highly-ordered pyrolitic graphite, glass, and polyethylene substrates were found to form such films. Uptake of 2-CEES was irreversible and cumulative. The sensitivity and cumulative nature make the nanoparticle films most appealing as personal exposure indicators.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532846">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532846.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532528.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Adapting and Evolving in Emergency Response]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This paper posits a need for a paradigmatic shift in thinking about how emergency response organizations think about themselves and interact with one another following a major event. Society is becoming increasingly complex, as are the problems that society will need to address. While there has been and continues to be much emphasis in emergency response on the need for better coordination of response and recovery efforts, depending on the severity of an event, it may be that other types of multi-organizational partnerships, besides coordination, are needed or will aid in response efforts. There are three fundamental questions that need to be answered following an event: What needs to be done? Who should do what? How best to do it? As events increase in magnitude – moving from incidents, to routine emergencies, disasters, and catastrophes – so does the complexity of response and recovery needs and efforts, which makes it increasingly difficult to derive the necessary answers. Major events can have unusual and complicated impacts, which are often beyond the problem-solving and management boundaries of individual organizations. It may be as well that organizations will not already exist to address certain impacts following a disaster or catastrophic event. Deciding how best to respond to an event in all of its facets will necessitate that organizational responders work more closely together they than may currently do by engaging in cooperative or collaborative partnerships. How&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532528">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532528.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532661.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Comprendre des situations complexes liées aux opérations militaires]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532661">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532661.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532691.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Performance prediction of temperature and emissivity separation algorithms for thermal hyperspectral imagery]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532691">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532691.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532579.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Numerical Study of Soil Modelling Approaches using LS-DYNA]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This report is a continuation of a previous modelling study (Martec Technical Report TR-07-21) for sand under high strain rate loading. The objective of this project is to investigate the suitability of several LS-DYNA material models to simulate Valcartier soil response under landmine loading conditions. Parameters for the two soil material models were determined using in-situ soil measurements, validated for simple triaxial tests, and used to simulate a DRDC Valcartier experiment with a 6.0 kg landmine charge. The material models used gave comparable crater sizes and shapes. The crater depths agreed relatively well with experimental data; however, there were significant differences between predicted and measured crater radii. Limited parametric studies were performed on soil strength and mine detonation model, but these did not yield agreement with experiment. The cause of the discrepancy between the numerical and experimental crater sizes is unknown at this time. Differences could be due to additional soil physics that are not considered in the numerical models, or by unknown factors in the experimental configuration. For comparison purposes, a brief literature survey was performed, and crater shapes from other numerical simulations included. 2.0&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532579">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532579.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532670.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Patterns and Agility for capability engineering methodology report]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532670">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532670.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532687.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Remote sensing of radiological materials with full-spectrum HSI]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532687">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532687.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532689.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Airborne measurements in the infrared using FTIR-based imaging hyperspectral sensors]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Hyperspectral ground mapping is being used in an ever-increasing extent for numerous applications in the military, geology and environmental fields. The different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum help produce information of differing nature, The visible, near-infrared and short-wave infrared radiation (400 nm to 2.5 µm) has been mostly used to analyze reflected solar light, while the mid-wave (3 to 5 µm) and long-wave (8 to 12 µm or thermal) infrared senses the self-emission of molecules directly, enabling the acquisition of data during night time. Push-broom dispersive sensors have been typically used for airborne hyperspectral mapping. However, extending the spectral range towards the mid-wave and long-wave infrared brings performance limitations due to the self emission of the sensor itself. The Fourier-transform spectrometer technology has been extensively used in the infrared spectral range due to its high transmittance as well as throughput and multiplex advantages, thereby reducing the sensor self-emission problem. Telops has developed the Hyper-Cam, a rugged and compact infrared hyperspectral imager. The Hyper-Cam is based on the Fourier-transform technology yielding high spectral resolution and enabling high accuracy radiometric calibration. It provides passive signature measurement capability, with up to 320x256 pixels at spectral resolutions of up to 0.25 cm<sup>-1</sup>. The Hyper-Cam has been used on the ground in several field campaigns, including the dem&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532689">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532689.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532532.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Portable Acoustic Sensitivity Transmission Evaluation Tool - PASTET]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[As part of the Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) project, DRDC Atlantic has been examining the sensitivity of underwater acoustic propagation to various physical parameters. These parameters include, but are not limited to: the water’s sound speed profile, the bathymetry of the seabed, the number and thickness of seabed layers, and the absorption of these layers. This report describes the development of a software application, known as Portable Acoustic Sensitivity Transmission Evaluation Tool (PASTET). PASTET will be used to evaluate the sensitivity of acoustic propagation to variability and/or uncertainty in various environmental parameters. The algorithms used in the application were derived from the previous work done by DRDC Atlantic in the investigation of geoacoustic sensitivity. PASTET can be run on a personal computer by a non-expert with limited training. PASTET estimates the expected transmission loss and its variability and/or uncertainty for a specified scenario at a specified location. The data required to describe the acoustic environment are obtained, where possible, from DRDC Atlantic’s REA Data Base (READB), and the inputs can be augmented from other databases. In addition to the expected transmission loss, PASTET provides an estimate of the uncertainty in the result, and a means of estimating which physical parameters most impact the uncertainty. This report describes the sensitivity algorithms used in the application, along with the results of further s&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532532">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532532.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532692.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Temperature and emissivity separation]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532692">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532692.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532262.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Compilation of Marine Mammal Passive Transients for Aural Classification]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This report documents the work performed to generate a database of marine mammal vocalizations for use with DRDC Atlantic’s prototype automatic aural classifier. The project involved the selection of appropriate marine mammal and ambient noise data sets, formatting the data, detection processing, extraction of the potential samples, establishment of ground-truth data, post-processing of the data, and classification of each selected sample. Several DRDC Atlantic tools were utilized to perform the variety of tasks, including the Sentinel Acoustic Subsystem (AS) detector, the Acoustic Cetacean Detection Capability (ACDC) application, the Software Tools for Analysis and Research (STAR) suite, and the Omni-Passive Display (OPD) signal processing application. The resulting database contains individually classified samples (hundreds each) of Bowhead, Sperm, Right, and Humpback whales. Each sample exists as an isolated and uniquely identified WAV file. Minimal software development was conducted as part of this contract, although several benefits were realized as the result of synergetic development from separate contracts. The database produced by this contract will directly support the ongoing automated aural classification development.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532262">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532262.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532630.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Remote Seating with Intense Filaments Enhanced by Adaptive Optics]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A method involving a closed loop adaptive optic system is investigated as a tool to significantly enhance the collected optical emissions, for remote sensing applications involving ultrafast laser filamentation. The technique combines beam expansion and geometrical focusing, assisted by an adaptive optics system to correct the wavefront aberrations. Targets, such as a gaseous mixture of air and hydrocarbons, solid lead and airborne clouds of contaminated aqueous aerosols, were remotely probed with filaments generated at distances up to 118 m after the focusing beam expander. The integrated backscattered signals collected by the detection system (15-28 m from the filaments) were increased up to a factor of 7. for atmospheric N<sub>2</sub> and solid lead, when the wavefronts were corrected by the adaptive optic system. Moreover, an extrapolation based on a simplified version of the LlDAR equation showed that the adaptive optic system improved the detection distance for N<sub>2</sub> molecular fluorescence, from 45 m for uncorrected wavefronts to 125 m for corrected.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532630">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532630.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532220.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Development and Evaluation of Soldier Symbology]]> <![CDATA[(Développement et Évaluation de la Symbologie du Soldat)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Future soldier systems are being developed that can display a soldier's geo-location on a portable, wearable digital display but common NATO symbology does not exist for displaying these soldiers on a map. NATO Land Capability Group 1 (LCG 1) has identified a need to develop and validate common symbology for the individual soldier that can be displayed on a wide range of digital display types, to improve the joint interoperability of NATO C4I information systems at the dismounted soldier level. National symbology sets were provided by LCG1 for a heuristic analysis based on symbology standards and guidelines in the military domain, and in the areas of human factors and symbol adaptability to digital displays. The review of existing symbol sets, provided by LCG1 indicated that they generally fell short of the ideal. A new symbol concept was developed to better conform to the heuristic framework and a future plan of laboratory and field testing was proposed. Suggestions for improving the design and development of soldier system symbology are provided and opportunities afforded by hardware and software capabilities are discussed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532220">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532220.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532641.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Optics at Defence R&D Canada - Valcartier]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532641">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532641.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532852.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[INCOMMANDS TDP]]> <![CDATA[(PDT INCOMMANDS)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Innovative Naval COMbat MANagement Decision Support (INCOMMANDS) Technology Demonstration Project (TDP) attempts to improve the performance of Threat Evaluation (TE) and Combat Power Management (CPM) functions in response to multiple threats and impediments introduced by the littoral environment. Specifically, the purpose of the INCOMMANDS TDP is to develop and demonstrate advanced Above Water Warfare (AWW) command decision support concepts for the command team of the Halifax Class Frigate in order to improve the overall TE and CPM decision-making effectiveness. This report presents preliminary validation results stemming from a Heuristic Evaluation by a Human Factors analyst and Usability and Utility Testing with Naval operators of the INCOMMANDS Command Decision Support Capability (CDSC) prototype. The results of the usability and utility evaluation suggest that the concepts presented in the INCOMMANDS CDSC would improve task performance, increase situation awareness, and decrease operator workload. Further analysis and evaluation efforts are required to substantiate this finding.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532852">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532852.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532391.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Detection of aircraft by high frequency sky wave radar under auroral clutter-limited conditions]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This memorandum describes some of the rudimentary considerations for operating a high frequency sky wave radar in Canada for aircraft detection. A simple macroscopic model of the ionosphere is examined, and the elevation and range resolution limits of a high frequency radar are computed. Limits on azimuth and Doppler resolving capabilities of a radar arise from the presence of plasma density irregularities in the ionospheric propagation path. Scattering from the aurora is quantified using Thomson scattering theory and reasonable agreement with the experimental values of radar cross section can be found in the case of 1-percent plasma density fluctuations. However, the auroral scatter is sufficiently large to prevent detection of small aircraft with radar cross sections of 10 to 20 dBm². Combining receive-side adaptive processing with adaptive elements on the transmit side allows the targets to be detected.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532391">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532391.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532911.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Conception et fabrication d'une chambre à atmosphère contrôlée permettant l'analyse spectro-scopique d'aérosols fluorescents]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532911">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532911.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532673.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[PACEM-RE Kick-off meeting]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532673">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532673.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532409.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Operational Decision Making Support]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Defence R&D Canada –Valcartier (DRDC Valcartier) centre initiated a research activity aimed at investigating and developing approaches and concepts to support operational decision-making within the context of the Canadian Forces Operational Planning Process (CFOPP). In an effort to develop a more effective adaptive planning process, this investigation focused on examining new structured approaches to enhance and facilitate courses of action (COA) analysis and selection. In particular, a review of possible approaches for the dynamic link management between CFOPP elements, for the COA evaluation criteria management, in an effects-based environment and for enhanced decision-matrixes, with associated concepts; was completed. A computer-based system called “Collaborative Operations Planning System (COPlanS)” was used as an experimental framework to demonstrate a possible operationalisation of these approaches. COPlanS has been developed at DRDC Valcartier to support the CFOPP. COPlanS is an integrated flexible suite of planning, decision-aid and workflow management tools aimed at supporting a distributed team involved in the planning of military operations. This document details the design of the mock-ups’ implementation, their interfaces and the changes required in the COPlanS components to support the proposed functionalities.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532409">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532409.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532412.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Operational Decision Making Support]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Defence R&D Canada –Valcartier (DRDC Valcartier) initiated several research activities aimed at investigating and developing approaches and concepts to support operational decision-making within the context of the Canadian Forces Operational Planning Process (CFOPP)i, ii. This effort focuses on building on this previous work to develop tools to enable a more effective, adaptive and time-constrained planning process. In particular, tools were developed and refined for the dynamic link management between CFOPP elements, Center of Gravity Analysis, Decisive Point Analysis, Criteria Management, Plan Management, Risk Management and to establish links with the Execution Management Tool. A computer-based system called “Collaborative Operations Planning System (COPlanS)” was used as an experimental framework to implement mock-ups to demonstrate a possible operationalisation of these approaches. COPlanS has been developed at DRDC Valcartier to support the CFOPP. COPlanS is an integrated flexible suite of planning, decision-aid and workflow management tools aimed at supporting a distributed team involved in the planning of military operations. This document develops these various approaches, supported by a review of related concepts and use cases. Mock-ups have been implemented into COPlanS to demonstrate the integration and the visualization of these different concepts, to improve effective, adaptive, and time-sensitive planning within the CFOPP.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532412">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532412.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532559.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A data set for change detection in port environments using sidescan sonar]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Within the context of route survey operations, change detection is the process by which targets are detected by comparing current sonar data with historical surveys. The technique is of particular interest for detecting objects in ports and harbours where debris and a high density of man-made objects can create a prohibitive number of false alarms for traditional methods examining sonar imagery. In order to promote and encourage research into automated change detection algorithms, a database of sidescan sonar images has been produced; the images are taken from two surveys nearly a month apart carried out by the Canadian Navy using the Interim Remote Minehunting and Disposal System (IRMDS) carrying a Klein 5500 sidescan sonar during the winter of 2008. Various target signatures were simulated and injected into the second survey using a ray tracing method and placed at specific locations chosen to test different cases normally arising during route survey operations. The images have been processed and georeferenced at different resolutions and the test cases carefully documented in order to provide researchers with data in an easily usable format with which to develop and test algorithms and techniques.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532559">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532559.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532384.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Implementation of dynamic stress and failure models in VAST and Trident]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In this report, a recent enhancement of the dynamic material modeling and failure analysis capability in the VAST program is described. In the present work, two widely used constitutive models for characterizing dynamic material behaviour under impulsive loading conditions, the Cowper-Symonds model and the Johnson-Cook model, are implemented in four element types in VAST including the 4- and 8-noded shell elements and the 8- and 20-noded solid elements. In addition to the instantaneousstrain- rate-based algorithm previously implemented in VAST, two new algorithms for strain rate evaluations are developed based on time-averaged total and plastic strain rate, which result in more stable numerical solutions. The capability for failure assessment is also implemented in all the four elements mentioned above. The Trident program is also updated to permit definition of the new control flags and material constants and post-process the results for failure check. Extensive numerical verifications have been performed using an example problem involving a steel plate under a sudden application of uniform pressure, and the test results indicate that the dynamic material models and failure criteria implemented are functioning correctly and are reliable.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532384">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532384.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532667.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Capability engineering process WBE customized for ARP SAR ARTIC]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532667">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532667.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532547.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Comparison of magnetic parameters of CFAV QUEST from FLUX3D modeling and airborne measurements]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Under DRDC Atlantic contracts, Martec Ltd. developed a static magnetic model of CFAV QUEST for FLUX3D simulations using an existing finite-element model of the ship. The model accounts for both structural and some non-structural components of the ship. Martec performed a number of simulations with two magnetic configurations: induced magnetization only, and vertical permanent magnetization only. These simulated data have been used to estimate the permanent magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of a single prolate spheroid that best fits the overall ship’s signature. The National Research Council of Canada’s Convair 580 aircraft was used to measure the magnetic signature of CFAV QUEST in August 2006. These data were also fitted to a single prolate spheroid model. The two sets of parameter estimates (from FLUX3D simulated data and from measured airborne data) were compared to determine how the FLUX3D magnetic parameters should be modified to more closely match the simulated and the measured CFAV QUEST signatures.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532547">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532547.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532668.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Capability engineering process WBE customized for TDP SIPES]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532668">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532668.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532704.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[The Canadian Small Arms R&D Landscape]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532704">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532704.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532669.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Capability engineering process (CEP) & WSAF, Overview, status and perspectives]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532669">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532669.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532647.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[JSA TP4-3 Update January 2009]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532647">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532647.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532617.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[CAN Program Update]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532617">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532617.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532671.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Patterns and Agility for capability engineering methodology and requirements engineering]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532671">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532671.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532666.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Capability engineering process WBE for ARP CAS4M]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532666">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532666.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532631.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Remote sensing of trace methane using mobile femtosecond laser system of T&T Lab]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Advances in the propagation of intense femtosecond laser pulses in air have shown that the laser pulse self-focused to form filaments and self-transformers into a white-light laser pulse or supercontinuum (SC) [1,2]. The high intensity inside the filament core ionizes the atmospheric molecules and produces a low density plasma (~10<sup>16</sup>cm<sup>-13</sup>) [3-6], which in turn defocuses the laser oulse. The balance between the self-focusing and defocusing limits the intensity in the filament zone to about 5x10<sup>13</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup> in air [1,2,7]. This is referred to as the intensity clamping [8-10]. With this high intensity, most molecules would be ionized and dissociated into excited fragments, which emit fluorescence. Such unique features of the filament-induced fluorescence. Such unique features of the filament-induced fluorescence molecular spectra were successfully used for the detection of gaseous molecules in our laboratory such as nitrogen [11,12], halocarbons [13], methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) [14] and acetylene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>)[15].The application of filament-induced fluorescence to remote sensing of nitrogen [16] and ethalnol in air [17] in combination with the traditional techniques of fluorescence spectros-copy and LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) have been successfully tested. However, all these tests have been performed in a laboratory environment; outdoor remote sensing of gaseous pollutants using filamentation induced fluorescence in &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532631">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532631.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532632.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Filamenation “remote” sensing of chemical and biological agents/pollutants using only one femtosecond laser source]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[All matters in the path of filaments induced by an intense femtosecond laser pulse propagating in air could be fragmented and result in the emission of characteristic fluorescence spectra from the excited fragments. The fluorescence spectra exhibit specific signatures (fingerprints) that can be used for the identification of various substances including chemical and biological species. In this paper, we present an overview of the recent progress in our laboratory concerning the "remote" sensing of chemical and biological agents/pollutants in air using filamentation-induced nonlinear fluorescence techniques.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532632">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532632.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532561.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Prediction of the ship’s permanent magnetization]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[DRDC Atlantic has an ongoing program looking at developing integrated signature management (ISM) techniques for a variety of platforms. This includes the conversion of the measured platform signatures into source strengths, creating a time-history of these source strengths, and advising the Canadian Forces on how to reduce the detection ranges of these platforms. Military submarines and surface ships are regularly subjected to a treatment called “deperming” that seeks to design the vessel’s permanent magnetization for optimal magnetic silencing. At present, during a ranging operation the permanent magnetization is inferred qualitatively from the performances of the degaussing coils. This study sets out to quantitatively predict the vessel permanent magnetization as the difference between the total (un-degaussed) and the induced magnetization using a combination of measured magnetic signatures and magnetic modeling. A variety of models describing the ship’s magnetization have been developed starting from a single magnetic dipole to sophisticated distributions of magnetic sources. Depending on the complexity of these models, they describe the signature of the magnetized ship at large or small distances from the sensors. Two methods are proposed that correlate the modeling parameters with the ship magnetization for a correct interpretation of the signature. Due to the ship self-demagnetization effect, the induced magnetization is not known. For this reason, a numerical model of &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532561">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532561.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532355.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Effect of the new insulation liner on noise levels in the CH124B (Sea King) aircraft]]> <![CDATA[(Effet du nouvel isolant sur les niveaux de bruit dans l'aéronef CH124B Sea King)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Crew members of the Seaking helicopter are exposed to elevated noise levels. To minimize noise levels as well as to insulate electrical wiring, the Seaking are equipped with a liner, which reduces noise. Recently the Sea King helicopters have been equipped with a new type of liner. Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Toronto was asked to verify the noise levels in the Seaking during flight with the new liner and compare it with the old liner. Equivalent noise levels and octave band analysis were performed on a Seaking helicopter from Shearwater in February 5 and 6, 2008. Results showed that the new liner has absorption capabilities similar to or better than the old liner, except at the very low frequency of 8 Hz. Although at-ear sound pressure levels were not measured, it is reasonable to assume that they are acceptable with the new liner since they were acceptable with the old liner. Since sound pressure level are significantly higher when the cargo door is open, it was recommended to open the door only for a short period of time to avoid excessive exposure for the crewmen and troops.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532355">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532355.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532560.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Synthetic aperture processing of wideband scattering measurements made in the DRDC Atlantic acoustic calibration tank]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In this experiment we placed various objects, including actual practice limpet mines, on a one-metre diameter disc which was suspended in the DRDC Atlantic acoustic calibration tank from a rotator pole. Two different discs were considered, one aluminum and the other fibreglass. These discs were then rotated under a fixed MMPP projector and hydrophone. The geometry was arranged so that the mineshapes would appear directly under the projector/hydrophone during the rotation. The time series data and the corresponding spectra were presented and used for detection and classification experiments in another DRDC Atlantic technical memorandum. In the time series of that report, the echoes scattered from objects were evident when the projector and receiver were at significant distances away from the object. This was due to the wide beamwidths of the projector and hydrophone. In this report, we investigate the improved spatial resolution which can be obtained by beamforming the time series. There was only a single hydrophone used as a receiver so that the array for the beamforming is constructed using the motion of the disc with respect to the hydrophone. Examples of the scattered time series before and after beamforming will be presented.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532560">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532560.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532635.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A simple method to significantly increase filaments’ length and ionization density]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A simple method to produce longer filaments with higher ionization density in air by controlling the diameter of an aperture in the laser beam path is studied via an analysis of the backscattered N<sub>2</sub> fluorescence collected by LIDAR. Significant increase in the fluorescence signal (approximately by a factor of five depending on the conditions) and an increased filament length was observed at an optimum diameter. 3D + time stochastic numerical simulations have shown that the optimum aperture size corresponds to the case of multiple filament 'squeezing' around the propagation axis forming the regularized elongated structure with higher overall amount of plasma. The optimum range of aperture sizes is the same for the initial transverse perturbation scale variation at least within a factor of three.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532635">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532635.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532524.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Creating and Sustaining Meta-Organizational Memory]]> <![CDATA[(Créer et maintenir une mémoire méta-Organisationnelle)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The case study of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological-Nuclear and Explosives (CBRNE) Research and Technology Initiative (CRTI), a Canadian government meta-organizational collaborative initiative, is presented. Multiple federal departments and agencies have a joint responsibility for creating a knowledge base and a national memory for the purposes of protecting the country against CBRNE threats posed by terrorists. The conditions of a meta-organization present particular opportunities and challenges for organizational learning and organizational memory. Organizational learning and knowledge management theory provide the premises for addressing these issues. An intentional knowledge management strategy has been instrumental in organizational learning, resulting in a knowledge base for a collective organizational memory. Ongoing challenges are being addressed by the strategy.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532524">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532524.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532722.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Design and Fabrication of a Hydrostatic Testing System for Submarine Nickel Aluminum Bronze Valves]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A test system for conducting hydrostatic testing of submarine valves has been designed and fabricated. The design consists of two main components, namely, a high pressure valve pressurization circulation loop, and an external ambient pressure external containment chamber. The high pressure circulation loop was designed to apply pressures between 0 psig and 5000 psig in accordance with DRDC’s specified requirement. The exterior (ambient pressure) chamber was designed to contain events including a high pressure water jet (in the case of a “leak before break” type of failure mode) and a kinetic energy impact event from one or more of the components associated with a high pressure flow loop (catastrophic failure of the valve components). The experiments conducted have verified that the hydrostatic test system was functioning according to specifications.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532722">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532722.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532847.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Microarray Genomic Systems Development]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In order to identify and characterize microbes using the currently available methods, information on the organism’s genetic material is required. Recombinant microbes which contain novel genetic material would not have such information and therefore avoid detection. Previous work has been done to develop a system with array-based genomic fingerprinting technology, which should help to identify the new strains, detect the presence of novel genetic material, and measure gene expressions. The next phase is the development of a test system for rapid species identification in addition to the oligonucleotide fingerprint. The test organisms for this work were Bacillus bacteria (11 species), Escherichia coli TOP10 (7 strains), and Geobacillus stearothermophilus. Using standard molecular biology methods, we isolated genomic DNA, digested the DNA to reduce complexity, labelled it with fluorescent dyes, and hybridized the labelled DNA to two types of microarrays, Human Operon 21K chips containing 23,232 features and Bacterial genomic chips containing 5,280 features. The hybridization data was then analyzed with ChromaBlast, an useful analytic tool in Excel, which normalized columnar data, sorted the data into user-selectable range-driven bins, developed colour heat maps from the data, and then output the heat map and bin assortment for review. When the data patterns on the colour heat maps were filtered and sorted, bacteria in different genera could be discriminated with high confidence&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532847">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532847.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532550.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Multi-aspect computer-aided classification of the Citadel Trial sidescan sonar images]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In October 2005, Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Atlantic participated with the Nato Undersea Research Centre (NURC) and Groupe D'Études Sous-marine de l'Atlantique (GESMA, France) in a joint trial (CITADEL) with the DRDC remote, semi-submersible vehicle DORADO. A large number of sidescan sonar images of minelike and non minelike objects on the seabed were obtained for a variety of ranges and aspects and at two different sites. In earlier reports, the computer-automated detection and classification of small sonar images from this trial was discussed. Many of these images are of the same object from different sonar passes. Thus there are multiple looks of the same objects at different ranges and aspects of the sonar. In this paper, the strategies for classification from 2 sets of features, corresponding to 2 sonar images of the same object, will be considered. A classifier based upon combining the feature sets from each of the 2 images will be considered. As well, the fusion of the individual image classification results using Dempster-Shafer theory will be discussed. The multi-aspect classification performance will be considered when the training and testing data sets are both from the same site and when the training data is from one site and the testing data from a different site.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532550">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532550.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532548.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Mid-wave IR signatures of CFAV Quest in the North Atlantic Summer and Winter climates]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[We compare the measured and modeled mid-wave infrared signature of CFAV Quest and the maritime background during two trials Q276 and Q280. Both trials were conducted near Halifax harbour in the North Atlantic. The prevailing environmental conditions for trial Q276 were typical of North Atlantic summer (August 2003) whereas trial Q280 was carried out in a North Atlantic winter climate (February 2004). From infrared images of Quest and the maritime background, we obtain the ship, sky and sea radiances. Using the relevant environmental descriptions and an accurate geometry of Quest, we model in ShipIR the corresponding radiances. Our results show that the absolute radiances of the sea and sky background are strongly dependent on the climate and while the absolute values differ between the measurement and model predictions, the trends are consistent. There is a 20 - 40% difference in the mid-wave IR radiances of Quest between measurement and modeling. The data shows that the stack of Quest has a strongly variable radiance in the winter suggesting that it poses a great vulnerability for the ship being detected.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532548">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532548.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532399.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Measured and modeled long-wave infrared signature of Quest in Q280]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Canadian Forces Auxiliary Vessel (CFAV) Quest was imaged in the long-wave infrared (IR) band during DRDC Atlantic sea trial Q280 in February 2004. From images collected over several days, we have extracted the ship, sea and sky radiances. A contrast radiance between the ship and the background was calculated to determine the long-wave IR signature. Our analysis shows that the daytime signature of the vessel is larger than at night in the long-wave IR band. The contrast radiance of the stack exceeds that from the hull when contrasted against the winter sea. And finally, by comparing with prior studies, we note that the contrast ratio is larger in the mid-wave IR than in the long-wave IR when the contrast is constrained to the ship stack. We used ShipIR to model the Quest and its maritime environment. We found that the results were in general agreement with the measured data for both the sea and sky background and the ship surface. Overall, the typical difference between measured and modeled results was about 10 - 30%.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532399">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532399.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532545.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[FLUX3D Simulations of CFAV QUEST]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[As part of previous contracts, Martec Limited developed a static magnetic model of CFAV Quest for FLUX3D using an existing structural finite-element model of CFAV Quest. The model accounts for both the structural and some of the non-structural components of the ship. This report describes the work by Martec Limited for the current project in which previously developed models were used to further study the electromagnetic signature of CFAV Quest. A total of sixteen analyses were performed. Analyses included four ship headings (0° true, 90° true, 180° true and 270° true), two ship configurations (induced magnetization only, permanent magnetization only), and two aircraft altitudes (80 metres and 150 metres). The induced magnetic state of the ship was simulated by using values of zero for the permanent magnetic properties of the ship. In a similar manner, the permanent magnetic state of the ship was simulated by setting the permeability values for the ship to unity. These models were analyzed using FLUX3D and magnetic flux densities at the desired altitudes were recorded. Since the intent was to compare against field measurements, in the current study all components of the earth’s magnetic field were considered.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532545">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532545.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532695.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Systemic Operational Design]]> <![CDATA[(Conception opérationnelle systémique)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This paper’s central argument is that the CF Operational Planning Process (OPP) is not an ideal method for military planning, in particular for dynamic, high complexity, and time-constrained environments, because the method is highly formal, structured, and linear. This paper argues that the OPP, due to its rigid structure, essentially hamstrings military planners and, because it is based on the assumption that the problem-space is closed and readily decomposable, creates a false sense of certainty. This paper further argues that Systemic Operational Design (SOD) may be better suited for use in the contemporary operating environment because it is less structured (i.e. flexible and iterative) and based on systems-thinking, which is a holistic approach to understanding the problem-space. To accomplish this task, this paper provides an outline of the two primary approaches to decision-making (i.e. analytic and naturalistic), briefly summarizes and outlines the limitations of the OPP, and provides and overview of SOD as well as identifying the benefits of SOD over the OPP.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532695">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532695.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532809.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[High Strain Rate Evaluation of Armor Materials]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This report gives results of investigations on high strain rate behaviour of materials with potential for use in armour plates. They include RHA steel plate, Tungsten A90S and Aluminium 5083 H131 alloys. Also considered were ceramics TiB-TiC, SiC-B and Alumina 98. The testing took place at strain rates in excess of 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> using both direct impact Hopkinson Pressure Bar (HPB) and Torsional Split Hopkinson Bar (TSHB). Both equipments were fully instrumented for retrieval of the incident, transmitted and reflected waves and for obtaining stress-strain curves. The testing results on the metallic materials produced stress-strain curves which are suitable for design at high strain rates. The ceramic materials proved to be too hard to machine. An alternative was to test Alumina 96 in torsion at high strain rates. The results from these tests are also included. Following testing, specimens were examined to determine the microstructural evolution during impact. In most cases, development of adiabatic shear bands, both of the deformed and transformed type were observed and reported. Crack initiation within these bands was also observed leading to fracture of specimen. Together with the described research, a part of the contract involved constructing a torsional Split Hopkinson Bar for delivery to Defence Research and Development Canada Valcartier (DRDC V). This equipment was delivered on schedule in December 2006.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532809">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532809.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532699.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Intelligent Adaptive Interfaces for the Control of Multiple UAVs]]> <![CDATA[(Interfaces Opérateur Adaptatives et Intelligentes pour la Commande de Plusiers Engines Télépilotés)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A lack of guidance on designing complex, dynamic, and networked systems presents a challenge to the design of such systems to maximize overall human-machine system performance. An intelligent adaptive interface (IAI) concept and associated technologies have been developed to address this problem. In order to support effective decision-making, a typical IAI is driven by software agents (automation) that can change the display and /or control characteristics of human-machine system to adaptively react to the changes of mission and operator states in real time. This work is the result of a three-year project conducted by Defence Research & Development Canada on the efficacy of IAIs in a multi-UAV scenario. The IAI was modelled as part of the UAV tactical workstations found in a Maritime patrol aircraft. A performance model was developed to compare the difference in mission activities with and without IAI agents as reflected in task conflict frequency and task completion time. A prototype IAI environment was implemented for a human-in-the-loop empirical investigation. Both simulation and experiment results showed that the control of multiple UAVs is a cognitively complex task with high workload. With the augmentation of automation agents, IAIs facilitated a significant reduction in workload and an improvement in situation awareness. Operators could continue working under high time pressure, with critical tasks being achieved in reduced time compared to conventional interfaces&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532699">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532699.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532551.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Further Enhancements to the High Frequency Target Strength Prediction Capabilities of AVAST]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The development and incorporation of the latest enhancements to the AVAST code are described. The purpose of this work was to make the modeling of the physical environment more realistic, while ensuring that the code runs as efficiently as possible. To this end several new features have been added. These include modifying the high-frequency Kirchhoff scattering method in order to allow for at least one reflection and upgrading the existing boundary element surface panel integration routines. The contract also addresses the need to investigate the high frequency target strength of Manta shapes.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532551">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532551.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532332.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Recent Patents on Development of Nucleic Acid-based Antiviral Drugs Against Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Virus Infections]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Influenza viruses are etiological agents of deadly flu that continue to pose global health threats, and have caused global pandemics that killed millions of people worldwide. The global crises involving the avian H5N1 influenza provides compelling reasons for accelerate fast track development of novel antiviral drugs against the potential pandemic virus. The availability of neuramindase inhibitors such as oseltamivir (tamiflu) improves our ability to defend against influenza viruses, but the incidences of tamiflu-resistance are on the rapid rise. Nucleic acid-based antivirul drugs are promising classes of experimental antiviral drugs that have been shown in pre-clinical studies to be effective against seasonal and avian influenza scenarios. The review will assess the recent patents, research and development of antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA, immunomodulating RNA for the prevention and treatment of influenza infection.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532332">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532332.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532218.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[A state-of-the-art review of enhanced personal protection equipment options]]> <![CDATA[(Analyse de pointe des options en matière d'équipement de protection individuelle accrue)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The purpose of this study was to conduct a state-of-the-art review of commercial and military off the-shelf (COTS/MOTS) options for enhancing protection of the soldier’s torso, neck, nape and extremities, including any design options from industrial and sports applications. This review was then used to recommend which add-on torso and extremity components should be modeled in Digital Biomechanics software. Finally, detailed requirements for the commencement of a future biomechanical modeling analysis were provided.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532218">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532218.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532216.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Operational User Requirements and Priorities for a Soldier’s Integrated Headwear System]]> <![CDATA[(Priorités et exigences opérationnelles du casque intégré du soldat)]]></title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Development of future infantry soldier systems with portable computing systems, advanced sensors, intra-section communications, head-mounted displays, and so on, has been ongoing among NATO nations for over a decade. Key to the success of any future soldier system will be the effective integration of capabilities and technologies on the head. Defence Research and Development Canada is undertaking a technology demonstration programme to investigate various designs and means of integrating headwear components and sub-systems: the Soldier’s Integrated Headwear System (SIHS) programme. This programme will be faced with many design and capability trade-off decisions. To ensure that these decisions consider the aims and intent of the Canadian Army, and reflect the operational context for employment of such a future headwear system, an Infantry Subject Matter Workshop was held to acquire insight into operator priorities and the associated importance of various capabilities and technologies for a future infantry headwear system. The priorities and importance assigned to select system capabilities and usability criteria during this workshop provide the SIHS programme with the necessary guidance and direction for future headborne system design efforts.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532216">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc90/p532216.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532456.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Cultural modelling]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[This project explores the impact of culture on goal-oriented behaviour within a gaming environment. Culture consists of values, rituals, heroes, symbols, and behavioural practices and can be differentiated using five cultural dimensions (Hofstede, 1991; cited in Dahl, 2005). These are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, and long-term orientation. Establishing how cultural diversity can be better represented within a simulation environment requires certain elements. The literature suggests several modelling techniques and requirements related to psychological fidelity. For the purpose of this project, developing a methodology to ensure that agents’ goals are consistent with their culture and showing differential impact of culture on people with differing status are critical. The proposed approach for modelling culture includes components related to the status of individuals, and the strength of the cultural dimension in play. In representing the impact of culture, a good model would also show agents to react differentially to external events (e.g., an economic downturn). The proposed methodology for incorporating culture into the simulation environment as well as recommendations for a longer term project is presented.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532456">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc91/p532456.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532703.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Using cognitive task analysis to develop scenario-based training for house-clearing teams]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Increased urbanization has created a rise in Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT), in which units find themselves operating in cities rather than on traditional, uninhabited battlefields. MOUT presents a uniquely challenging environment to soldiers and leaders. Beyond challenging basic tactical skills, these environments call on personnel to make faster, more advanced decisions based on a multitude of environmental information. It is important for personnel to develop decision-making skills required for house-clearing operations that can be applied to different environments. The aim of this project was to provide program requirements to understand and train the recognition of perceptual cues used to diagnose events and coordinate actions during house-clearing missions. A cognitive task analysis was employed to identify the critical cues house-clearing teams use to assess their environment and establish shared situational awareness. A critical cue inventory was developed, based on which recommendations were provided on how to integrate critical cues into effective training simulation.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=532703">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p532703.pdf</link>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p530010.pdf">
<title>
<![CDATA[Forensic Entomology]]> </title>

<description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Forensic entomology is the study of insects associated with a homicide victim. Insects colonize a body in a predictable sequence. This sequence is different if the body is buried, or not, and depending on what geographic area it is in. This is used to determine the postmortem interval. Research was conducted starting in June 1995, using buried pigs as human model, to establish a database of insect succession for burial in the Vancouver and Cariboo Regions of British Columbia. This reserach is immediately valuable in analyzing cases currently pending, as well as future cases.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://pubs.drdc.gc.ca/SEARCH/BASIS/pcandid/www/dspace_dc/DDW?W=sysnum=530010">Dublin Core XML</a>]]></description>

<link>http://cradpdf.drdc.gc.ca/PDFS/unc92/p530010.pdf</link>
</item>


</rdf:RDF>
